PBDB Taxon

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Lophonema

Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Helicotomidae

Taxonomy

Lophonema was named by Purdue and Miser (1916) [Sepkoski's age data: ]. It is not extant. Its type is Helicotoma peccatonica.

It was assigned to Helicotominae by Knight et al. (1960), Morris and Cleevely (1981), Wagner (1999); and to Euomphalina by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

L. abrupta, L. calphurnia, L. circumlirata, L. costata, L. frydai, L. orientalia, L. peccatonica, L. perstriata, L. taneyensis, L. tricarinata, L. wuhuensis

Synonyms

Polhemia was named by Cullison (1944). Its type is Polhemia taneyensis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Lophonema by Wagner (2023).

It was assigned to Helicotominae by Cullison (1944), Knight et al. (1960).
Walcottoma was named by Rohr (1994). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Lophonema by Wagner (1999).

It was assigned to Helicotominae by Rohr (1994).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1916	Lophonema Purdue and Miser p. 5
1944	Polhemia Cullison p. 55
1960	Lophonema Knight et al. p. 189
1960	Polhemia Knight et al. p. 189
1981	Lophonema Morris and Cleevely
1994	Walcottoma Rohr
1999	Lophonema Wagner
2002	Lophonema Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Eogastropoda
order	Euomphalina
superfamily	Euomphaloidea	()
family	Helicotomidae	()
genus	Lophonema

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Lophonema Purdue and Miser 1916

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†Lophonema abrupta Billings 1859

†Lophonema calphurnia Billings 1865

†Lophonema circumlirata Whitfield 1886

†Lophonema costata Kobayashi 1959

†Lophonema frydai Rohr 1994

†Lophonema orientalia Yü 1961

†Lophonema peccatonica Sardeson 1896

†Lophonema perstriata Billings 1859

†Lophonema taneyensis Cullison 1944

†Lophonema tricarinata Billings 1859

†Lophonema wuhuensis Endo 1935

Invalid names: Polhemia Cullison 1944 [synonym], Walcottoma Rohr 1994 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	2	11.5	11.0	12.0	11.5	0.707

Composition:

aragonitec

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100g

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

minorg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Locomotion:

stationarysuperf

Life habit:

epifaunalsuperf

Diet:

suspension feedersuperf

Vision:

limitedc

Comments:

BODY SIZE: Data from Knight et al. (1960).g

Created:

2009-06-05 18:17:26

Modified:

2009-06-05 20:17:26

Source: g = genus, superf = superfamily, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Knight et al. 1960, Bambach et al. 2007

Age range: base of the Stairsian to the top of the Fennian or 483.40000 to 468.00000 Ma

Collections (36 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Ordovician	486.85 - 471.3	USA (Texas)	Polhemia sp. (293)
Stairsian	483.4 - 481.7	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Oriostoma calphurnia (188684)
Cassinian	483.4 - 471.3	Canada (Quebec)	Helicotoma perstriata, Trochonema abruptum (56565) Trochonema tricarinatum (56564)
Cassinian	483.4 - 471.3	USA (Missouri)	Helicotoma sp., Polhemia n. sp. #6, L. n. sp. #1 (75557) Helicotoma sp., Polhemia sp., Polhemia n. sp. #2 (64612) Lophonema indet., L. n. sp. #2, L. n. sp. #1, Helicotoma n. sp. (75545) Lophonema indet., Polehemia n. sp. #5, Polhemia ? n. sp. #1, L. n. sp. #1 (75521) Lophonema indet., Polehemia sp., Polhemia n. sp. #5, Polhemia n. sp. #4, Polhemia n. sp. #1, L. n. sp. #2, L. n. sp. #1 (75551) Lophonema indet., Polhemia indet., Polhemia n. sp. #1, Polhemia n. sp. #3, Polhemia n. sp., L. n. sp. #2, L. n. sp. #1 (75519) Lophonema indet., Polhemia indet., Polhemia n. sp. #3, L. n. sp. #1 (75525) Lophonema indet., Polhemia indet., Polhemia n. sp. #5, Polhemia n. sp. #1, L. n. sp. #1 (75523) Lophonema indet., Polhemia indet., Polhemia n. sp., Polhemia n. sp. #6, Polhemia n. sp. #3, L. n. sp. #2 (75552) Lophonema indet., Polhemia n. sp. #6, Polhemia n. sp. #4, Polhemia n. sp. #2, L. n. sp. #1, Helicotoma n. sp. (75543) Lophonema indet., Polhemia n. sp., Polhemia n. sp. #1, L. n. sp. #1 (75520) L. n. sp. #1 (75578) L. sp., Polhemia indet. (75550) Polhemia indet., Helicotoma n. sp., L. n. sp. #1 (75559) Polhemia indet., Helicotoma n. sp., Polhemia n. sp. #3, L. n. sp. #2 (75556) Polhemia indet., Helicotoma sp., Polhemia n. sp. #6, Polhemia n. sp. #4, Polhemia n. sp. #2, Polhemia n. sp. #1, L. n. sp. #2, L. n. sp. #1 (75547) Polhemia indet., L. sp., Polhemia n. sp. #3, Polhemia n. sp. #1 (75561) Polhemia indet., Polhemia n. sp. #1, L. n. sp. #1 (75555) Polhemia n. sp. #2 (75524) Polhemia n. sp. #3, L. n. sp. #1 (75522) Polhemia taneyensis (56433 56513 56515)
Cassinian	483.4 - 471.3	USA (Vermont)	Euomphalus circumliratus (154944)
Cassinian	483.4 - 471.3	Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)	Polhemia taneyensis (56152 56153)
Arenigian	477.1 - 468.0	USA (Virginia)	L. sp. (6980)
Rangerian	471.3 - 470.3	Greenland	L. taneyensis (174316)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	USA (Nevada)	Oriostoma indet. (14232) Walcottoma frydai (14229)
Fennian	470.7 - 468.0	Malaysia (Palau Lankawi Island)	Helicotoma costata (56168)
Darriwilian	469.4 - 458.2	China (Liaoning)	Helicotoma wuhuensis (119294)