PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Albulidae

Actinopteri - Albuliformes - Albulidae

Taxonomy

Albulidae was named by Bleeker (1859). It is extant. Its type is Albula.

It was assigned to Actinopterygii by Woodward (1901); to Isospondyli by Hay (1902); to Clupeoidei by Estes (1964); to Clupeoidea by Casier (1966); to Albuloidea by Applegate (1970), Nolf and Dockery (1990); to Elopiformes by Estes and Berberian (1970), Bryant (1989), Weems (1999), Peng et al. (2001); to Albuloidei by Jordan (1963), Estes (1969), Forey (1973), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Fielitz and Bardack (1992), Shimada et al. (2006); and to Albuliformes by Nolf and Dockery (1993), Forey et al. (2003), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Ebersole et al. (2019), Agiadi et al. (2020), Cicimurri et al. (2022), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

Subtaxa

Albulidarum, Albulinae, Ancylostylos, Anogmius (syn. Pseudothryptodus), Coriops, Cretalbula, Deltaichthys, Farinichthys, Greenwoodella, Italoalbula, Lebonichthys, Metalbula, Pollerspoeckia, Prochanos, Pteralbula, Pterothrissinae, Pterothrissus, Syntegmodus

Synonyms

Pterothrissidae was named by Gill (1893).

It was synonymized subjectively with Albulidae by Hernández-Guerrero et al. (2021).

It was assigned to Clupeoidei by Jordan (1963); to Clupeoidea by Casier (1966); to Albuloidea by Nolf and Dockery (1990); to Albuliformes by Gaemers (1984), Nolf and Dockery (1993); to Elopiformes by Fitch and Lavenberg (1983), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Schwarzhans (2003); and to Albuloidei by Forey (1973), Schwarzhans (2007), Schwarzhans and Bratischko (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1859	Albulidae Bleeker
1893	Pterothrissidae Gill
1901	Albulidae Woodward p. 59
1902	Albulidae Hay p. 390
1963	Albulidae Jordan p. 618
1963	Pterothrissidae Jordan p. 619
1964	Albulidae Estes p. 49
1966	Albulidae Casier p. 133
1966	Pterothrissidae Casier p. 419
1969	Albulidae Estes p. 7
1970	Albulidae Applegate p. 412
1970	Albulidae Estes and Berberian p. 4
1973	Pterothrissidae Forey p. 123
1973	Albulidae Forey p. 153
1981	Albulidae Thurmond and Jones p. 92
1983	Pterothrissidae Fitch and Lavenberg
1984	Pterothrissidae Gaemers p. 25
1988	Albulidae Case and Schwimmer p. 299
1989	Albulidae Bryant p. 25
1990	Albulidae Nolf and Dockery III p. 3
1990	Pterothrissidae Nolf and Dockery III p. 5
1992	Albulidae Fielitz and Bardack
1993	Pterothrissidae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 13
1993	Albulidae Nolf and Dockery p. 25
1993	Pterothrissidae Nolf and Dockery p. 27
1999	Albulidae Weems p. 57
2001	Albulidae Peng et al. p. 16
2003	Albulidae Forey et al. p. 228
2003	Pterothrissidae Schwarzhans p. 26
2006	Albulidae Shimada et al. p. 26
2007	Pterothrissidae Schwarzhans p. 302
2011	Pterothrissidae Schwarzhans and Bratischko p. 87
2013	Albulidae Betancur et al.
2016	Albulidae Nelson et al. p. 136
2019	Albulidae Ebersole et al. p. 161
2020	Albulidae Agiadi et al. p. 775
2022	Albulidae Cicimurri et al.
2025	Albulidae Cicimurri et al. p. 76

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
superclass	Actinopterygii	()
class	Actinopteri	()

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Neopterygii	(Regan 1923)
—	Teleosteomorpha
—	Teleostei	(Müller 1846)
—	Elopocephalai
—	Elopocephala
—	Elopomorpha	()
order	Albuliformes	Greenwood et al. 1966
family	Albulidae	Bleeker 1859
family	Albulidae	Bleeker 1859

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Albulidae Bleeker 1859

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G. †Albulidarum Frizzell 1965

†Albulidarum ensis Nolf and Dockery III 1990

Subfm. Albulinae Bleeker 1859

G. Albula Gronow 1763

†Albula bashiana Frizzell 1965

†Albula dorsalis Priem 1914

†Albula dunklei Applegate 1970

†Albula eppsi White and Frost 1931

†Albula lapidosa Nessov 1985

†Albula oweni Agassiz 1844

G. †Macabi L-Recinos et al. 2023

†Macabi tojolabalensis L-Recinos et al. 2023

G. †Ancylostylos Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895

†Ancylostylos gibbus Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895

G. †Anogmius Cope 1871

†Anogmius contractus Cope 1871

†Anogmius intermedius Loomis 1900

†Anogmius rotundus Loomis 1900

†Anogmius zitteli Loomis 1900

Invalid names: Pseudothryptodus Loomis 1900 [synonym]

G. †Coriops Estes 1969

†Coriops amnicolus Estes 1969

G. †Cretalbula Nessov 1985

†Cretalbula hammada Nessov 1985

G. †Deltaichthys Fielitz and Bardack 1992

†Deltaichthys albuloides Fielitz and Bardack 1992

G. †Farinichthys Gallo and De Figueiredo 2003

†Farinichthys gigas Gallo and De Figueiredo 2003

G. †Greenwoodella Taverne and Ross 1973

†Greenwoodella tockensis Taverne and Ross 1973

G. †Italoalbula Taverne and Capasso 2018

†Italoalbula pietrarojae Taverne and Capasso 2018

G. †Lebonichthys Forey 1973

†Lebonichthys gracilis Davis 1887

†Lebonichthys lewisi Davis 1887

†Lebonichthys namourensis Forey et al. 2003

G. †Metalbula Frizzell 1965

G. †Prochanos Bassani 1879

†Prochanos rectifrons Bassani 1879

Subfm. Pterothrissinae Gill 1893

G. †Hajulia Woodward 1942

†Hajulia multidens Woodward 1942

G. †Istieus Agassiz 1839

†Istieus gracilis Agassiz 1839

†Istieus grandis Agassiz 1842

Invalid names: Istieus macrocoelius von der Marck 1863 [synonym], Istieus mesospondylus von der Marck 1863 [synonym], Istieus microcephalus Agassiz 1842 [synonym]

†Istieus lebanonensis Davis 1887

†Istieus macrocephalus Agassiz 1842

G. †Nunaneichthys Hernández-Guerrero et al. 2021

†Nunaneichthys mexicanus Hernández-Guerrero et al. 2021

G. Pterothrissus Hilgendorf 1877

Pterothrissus angulatus Casier 1966

†Pterothrissus compactus Schwarzhans 1891

†Pterothrissus gissu Hilgendorf 1977

†Pterothrissus issus Hilgendorf 1877

†Pterothrissus pervetustus Stinton 1957

†Pterothrissus umbonatus Koken 1884

G. †Syntegmodus Loomis 1900

†Syntegmodus altus Loomis 1900

Invalid names: Pterothrissidae Gill 1893 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2004-08-17 14:52:40

Modified:

2009-07-20 23:50:42

Source: c = class, subp = subphylum

Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Aptian to the top of the Holocene or 121.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 119.57 Ma

Collections (196 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 119.57	Germany	Greenwoodella tockensis (221372)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	USA (Texas)	Albulidae indet. (31172)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	Italy (Campania)	Italoalbula pietrarojae (221195)
Albian - Cenomanian	113.2 - 93.9	Mexico (Hidalgo)	Nunaneichthys mexicanus (135815)
Middle Albian	110.1 - 106.3	Italy (Salerno)	Prochanos rectifrons (127349)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Slovenia	Ancylostylos gibbus (144686)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan)	Cretalbula hammada (58490)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Cretalbula hammada (64684 64685)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Lebanon	Clupea lewisii (216596) Hajulia multidens (221080 221233)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Croatia	Prochanos rectifrons (123565)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Kansas)	Albulidae indet. (213418)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Spain (Asturias)	Coriops sp. (98396)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Colorado)	Albulidae indet. (132505)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Colorado)	Albulidae indet. (35429 213403)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Lebanon	Lebonichthys namourensis (124426)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Nebraska)	Albulidae indet. (239336)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Utah)	Coriops sp. (14385)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	USA (Texas)	Deltaichthys albuloides (134382)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Kansas)	Albulidae indet. (213384)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Nebraska)	Albulidae indet. (213389)