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Bolma
Taxonomy
Bolma was named by Risso (1826) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R Sepkoski's reference number: 899]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Astraea (Bolma) by Ladd (1972), Marasti (1973), Ladd (1982), Harzhauser (2002), Mandic et al. (2002).
It was assigned to Bolmidae by Delpey (1941) and Delpey (1941); to Turbinidae by Kensley and Pether (1986); to Astraea by Ladd (1972), Marasti (1973), Ladd (1982), Harzhauser (2002), Mandic et al. (2002); to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Turbininae by MacNeil (1960), Wilson (1993), Bouchet et al. (2005).
It was reranked as Astraea (Bolma) by Ladd (1972), Marasti (1973), Ladd (1982), Harzhauser (2002), Mandic et al. (2002).
It was assigned to Bolmidae by Delpey (1941) and Delpey (1941); to Turbinidae by Kensley and Pether (1986); to Astraea by Ladd (1972), Marasti (1973), Ladd (1982), Harzhauser (2002), Mandic et al. (2002); to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Turbininae by MacNeil (1960), Wilson (1993), Bouchet et al. (2005).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1826 | Bolma Risso p. 117 |
| 1941 | Bolma Delpey pp. 37, 245 |
| 1960 | Bolma MacNeil p. 33 |
| 1972 | Astraea (Bolma) Ladd p. 13 |
| 1973 | Astraea (Bolma) Marasti p. 84 |
| 1982 | Astraea (Bolma) Ladd p. 23 |
| 1986 | Bolma Kensley and Pether p. 159 |
| 1993 | Bolma Wilson p. 107 |
| 2002 | Astraea (Bolma) Harzhauser p. 70 |
| 2002 | Astraea (Bolma) Mandic et al. p. 300 |
| 2002 | Bolma Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Bolma Bouchet et al. pp. 37, 245 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Bolma Risso 1826
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†Astraea (Bolma) granosa Borson 1821
Subg. †Bolma (Ormastralium) Sacco 1896
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†Bolma (Ormastralium) speciosa Michelotti 1847
Invalid names: Incilaster Finlay 1926 [synonym]
†Bolma anoropha Kensley and Pether 1986
†Bolma aureola Hedley 1907
Bolma rugosus Linnaeus 1767
†Bolma stearnsi Ladd 1970
†Bolma virgata Ozaki 1954
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 37.71000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Collections (62 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Eocene | New Zealand (Canterbury) | B. sp. (45038) | |
| Priabonian | Tonga | Astraea stearnsi (43006) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | New Zealand | Incilaster marshalli (67925 67928) | |
| Rupelian - Chattian | Italy | B. carinata (180394) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Austria | Astraea meynardi (77624) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy | B. proborsoni (178110) B. proborsoni, B. subfimbriata (178108) | |
| Badenian | Slovakia | Astraea meynardi (73137 73139) | |
| Badenian | Austria | Astraea meynardi, Astraea sp. (74651 74652) Astraea sp. (74648 74649 74654 74656) | |
| Badenian | Poland (Holy Cross Mountains) | Astraea mehelyi, Astraea meynardi, Astraea tuberculata, Astraea carinata, Astraea granosa (38823) | |
| Serravallian | Greece | Astraea meynardi, Astraea rugosa (72305) | |
| Serravallian | Slovakia | Turbo rugosus (89152) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Italy | Ormastralium carinatum (191624) | |
| Sarmatian | Slovakia | B. sp., B. meynardi (145974) | |
| Tortonian | Italy | Astraea rugosa, Astraea speciosa (78437) | |
| Tortonian | Türkiye | Astraea rugosa (179777) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | Astraea meynardi, Astraea rugosa (72310) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan | B. sp. (42170) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Japan (Okinawa) | B. hataii (42181) | |
| Messinian | Japan | B. virgata (161785) | |
| Zanclean | Greece | Astraea meynardi, Astraea rugosa (72318) | |
| Zanclean | Spain | B. castrocarensis, B. fimbriata (80565) B. castrocarensis, B. fimbriata, B. granosa (80564) | |
| Pliocene | Cyprus | Astraea rugosa (34689) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Guam | Astraea stearnsi (77937) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | South Africa (Western Cape) | B. anorophora (118306) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy (Emilia-Romagna) | B. rugosa (178117) | |
| Piacenzian | Spain | B. castrocarensis, B. fimbriata, B. rugosa, B. granosa (80563) B. castrocarensis, B. rugosa, B. granosa (80562) B. fimbriata, B. granosa (80559) B. granosa (80560 80561) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece | Astraea meynardi, Astraea rugosa (72414) | |
| Gelasian | Japan (Okinawa) | B. sp. (42175) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Astrea rugosa (50523) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Spain | Astraea rugosa (128383) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Turbo rugosus (127361) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Italy (Livorno) | B. rugosa (173663) | |
| Calabrian - Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Okinawa) | B. pseudomolesta (42298 42304) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Spain | Astraea rugosa (128384) Turbo rugosus (128324) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Vanuatu | Astraea girgyllus (78043) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Italy | B. rugosa (176818) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan | Astraea modesta (88886) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Astraea rugosa (128385) Turbo rugosus (127358 127359 128327) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Morocco | Turbo rugosus (127637) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece | B. rugosa (88773 88774) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur) | Astraea rugosa (84937) | |
| Holocene | Portugal | Astraea rugosa (196908) | |
| Holocene | Portugal (Faro) | B. rugosa (276394) |