PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Glycymeris septentrionalis

Bivalvia - Arcida - Glycymerididae

Taxonomy

Pectunculus septentrionalis was named by Middendorf (1849). It is extant.

It was recombined as Axinaea septentrionalis by Carpenter (1864); it was recombined as Glycimeris septentrionalis by Moody (1916); it was recombined as Glycymeris (Tucetona) septentrionalis by Moore (1983); it was recombined as Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis by Coan et al. (2000); it was recombined as Glycymeris septentrionalis by Middendorff (1849), Arnold (1903), Arnold (1909), Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Hertlein and Grant (1972), Mikkelsen (2006), Hendy (2021).

Synonyms

Axinaea septentrionalis subobsoleta was named by Carpenter (1864). It is extant.

It was recombined as Glycymeris septentrionalis subobsoleta by Grant and IV and Gale (1931); it was synonymized subjectively with Glycymeris septentrionalis by Willett (1937); it was recombined as Glycimeris septentrionalis subobsoleta by Bruff (1946); it was recombined as Glycymeris subobsoleta by Emerson and Chace (1959); it was recombined as Glycymeris (Glycymeris) subobsoleta by Moore (1983); it was synonymized subjectively with Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis by Coan et al. (2000).
Glycymeris coalingensis was named by Arnold (1909). Its type specimen is USNM 165526, a shell, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Glycimeris coalingensis by Nomland (1917); it was synonymized subjectively with Glycymeris grewingki by Grant and IV and Gale (1931); it was synonymized subjectively with Glycymeris (Axinola) grewingki by Hertlein and Grant (1972), Moore (1983); it was synonymized subjectively with Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis by Coan et al. (2000).
Axinea profunda was named by Dall (1879). It is extant.

It was recombined as Glycymeris profunda by Willet (1943), Addicott and Emerson (1959), Kern (1973); it was recombined as Glycymeris (Axinola) profunda by Hertlein and Grant (1972), Moore (1983); it was synonymized subjectively with Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis by Coan et al. (2000); it was synonymized subjectively with Glycymeris septentrionalis by Coan and Valentich-Scott (2012).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1849	Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf p. 67
1849	Glycymeris septentrionalis Middendorff
1864	Axinaea septentrionalis Carpenter p. 644
1864	Axinaea septentrionalis subobsoleta Carpenter p. 644
1879	Axinea profunda Dall pp. 13-14
1903	Glycymeris septentrionalis Arnold p. 101 figs. Plate XVIII, Fig. 10
1905	Pectunculus septentrionalis Anderson p. 197 figs. Plate XVII, Figs. 86 and 87
1909	Glycymeris coalingensis Arnold pp. 80 - 81 figs. Plate XIX, figure 3
1909	Glycymeris septentrionalis Arnold p. 82 figs. Plate XX, figures 3 and 3a
1916	Glycimeris septentrionalis Moody p. 45
1917	Glycimeris coalingensis Nomland p. 219
1931	Glycymeris septentrionalis Grant, IV and Gale p. 134
1931	Glycymeris septentrionalis subobsoleta Grant, IV and Gale p. 134
1943	Glycymeris profunda Willet pp. 111-113 figs. pl. 11, figs. 3, 3a
1946	Glycimeris septentrionalis subobsoleta Bruff p. 232
1959	Glycymeris profunda Addicott and Emerson p. 18
1959	Glycymeris subobsoleta Emerson and Chace
1972	Glycymeris (Axinola) profunda Hertlein and Grant p. 160
1972	Glycymeris septentrionalis Hertlein and Grant p. 160
1973	Glycymeris profunda Kern p. 73
1983	Glycymeris (Axinola) profunda Moore p. A58 figs. Plate 12, figures 21, 22
1983	Glycymeris (Glycymeris) subobsoleta Moore pp. A52 - A53 figs. Plate 12, figures 15, 16
1983	Glycymeris (Tucetona) septentrionalis Moore p. A57 figs. Plate 13, figures 1, 2
2000	Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis Coan et al. p. 143
2006	Glycymeris septentrionalis Mikkelsen
2021	Glycymeris septentrionalis Hendy

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Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	USA (California)	Pectunculus septentrionalis (11601)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	USA (California)	Glycymeris coalingensis (216865) Glycymeris septentrionalis (220197)
Tortonian - Messinian	11.63 - 5.333	Russian Federation	Glycymeris coalingensis (49977)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	USA (California)	Glycimeris coalingensis (220179 220181) Glycymeris profunda (97233) Glycymeris septentrionalis (206368)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	USA (California)	Glycymeris coalingensis (216864) Glycymeris septentrionalis (83595 215294 215435 216912) Glycymeris septentrionalis, Glycymeris coalingensis (216433 216568)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	USA (California)	Glycimeris septentrionalis (186031) Glycymeris profunda (122752)
Gelasian	2.58 - 1.8	USA (California)	Glycymeris septentrionalis (214279 214287)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Mexico (Baja California)	Glycymeris profunda (96593) Glycymeris profunda, Glycymeris subobsoleta (96594)
Quaternary	2.58 - 0.0	USA (California)	Glycymeris subobsoleta (37933 37936 37938 37940 37947 37948)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (California)	Glycymeris barbarensis (222998) Glycymeris profunda (203118 223303) Glycymeris profunda, Glycymeris subobsoleta (203114) Glycymeris septentrionalis (96884 138723) Glycymeris subobsoleta (203105 223329) Glycymeris subobsoleta, Glycymeris barbarensis (203113)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Axinaea intermedia (222646)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico	Glycymeris profunda (52347 67645)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Glycymeris septentrionalis (59063) Glycymeris septentrionalis, Glycymeris barbarensis (222659 222660 222661 222662) Glycymeris subobsoleta (96589 160361 219030)