PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Lithophaginae

Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae

Taxonomy

Lithophaginae was named by Adams and Adams (1857). It is extant.

It was assigned to Mytilidae by Adegoke (1977), Moore (1983), Spencer et al. (2004), Bouchet et al. (2010), Carter et al. (2011).

Subtaxa

Adula, Botulini, Lithophagini, Zelithophaga

Synonyms

Lithodominae was named by Gray (1854). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Lithophaginae by Bouchet et al. (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1854	Lithodominae Gray
1857	Lithophaginae Adams and Adams
1977	Lithophaginae Adegoke p. 229
1983	Lithophaginae Moore p. A73
2004	Lithophaginae Spencer et al.
2010	Lithophaginae Bouchet et al.
2011	Lithophaginae Carter et al. p. 6

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Pteriomorphia	(Beurlen 1944)
—	Mytilomorphi	Ferussac 1822
order	Mytilida	(Rafinesque 1815)
superfamily	Mytiloidea	Rafinesque 1815
family	Mytilidae	Rafinesque 1815
subfamily	Lithophaginae	Adams and Adams 1857
subfamily	Lithophaginae	Adams and Adams 1857

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Lithophaginae Adams and Adams 1857

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G. Adula Adams and Adams 1857 [datemussel]

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Adula californiensis Philippi 1847 [California datemussel]

Adula diegensis Dall 1911 [San Diego pea-pod]

Adula gruneri Philippi 1851

Invalid names: Botula (Adula) falcata Gould 1851 [synonym]

†Adula mcknighti Hanna 1927

G. Zelithophaga Finlay 1926

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Zelithophaga truncata Gray 1843

Invalid names: Botulini Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty], Lithodominae Gray 1854 [synonym], Lithophagini Adams and Adams 1857 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitef

Composition 2:

low Mg calcitef

Entire body:

yesf

Adult length:

10 to < 100f

Adult width:

10 to < 100f

Adult height:

10 to < 100f

Thickness:

intermediatef

Folds:

nonef

Ribbing:

minorf

Spines:

nonef

Internal reinforcement:

nonef

Ontogeny:

accretionf

Environment:

lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf

Locomotion:

stationaryf

Attached:

yesf

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

suspension feederf

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2007-10-05 05:18:14

Modified:

2009-09-09 10:27:52

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 48.07000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.03 Ma

Collections (10 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	USA (California)	Lithophaga mcknighti (200720)
Lutetian - Bartonian	48.07 - 37.71	Russian Federation	Adula snatolensis (50051)
Bartonian - Priabonian	41.03 - 33.9	Russian Federation	Adula snatolensis (50040)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	USA (California)	Lithophaginae indet. (96550)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (California)	Botula diegensis (96894) Botula falcata (138723)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Adula diegensis (37672 37674) Adula diegensis, Adula californiensis (37673) Botula californiensis (240635)