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Characiformes

Actinopteri - Characiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1911Characiformes Regan
2003Characiformes Murray p. 503
2004Characiformes Filleul and Maisey
2006Characiformes Nelson
2011Characiformes Long p. 243
2013Characiformes Betancur et al.
2015Characiformes Arratia p. 61
2016Characiformes Nelson et al. p. 193

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
RankNameAuthor
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Teleocephalade Pinna 1996
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Otomorpha
—Ostariophysi(Jordan and Evermann 1896)
—Otophysa
superorderCharaciphysae
orderCharaciformesRegan 1911
orderCharaciformesRegan 1911

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Characiformes Regan 1911
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Invalid names: Acestrorhynchinae [empty], Heterocharacinae [empty], Roestinae [empty]
Superfm. Alestoidea
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G. Hydrocynus Cuvier 1816
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G. Colossoma Cuvier 1818
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Invalid names: Agoniatinae [empty], Aphyocharacinae [empty], Aphyoditeinae [empty], Bryconinae [empty], Characinae [empty], Cheirodontinae [empty], Clupeacharacinae [empty], Gymnocharacinae [empty], Iguanodectinae [empty], Rhoadsiinae [empty], Stethaprioninae [empty], Stevardiinae [empty], Tetragonopterinae Lundberg 1997 [empty]
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Invalid names: Charcidiinae [empty], Crenuchinae [empty]
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G. Hydrolycus Lundberg 1997
G. Rhaphiodon Agassiz 1829
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G. Hoplias Gill 1903
Superfm. Erythrinoidea
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G. Leporinus Lundberg 1997
Invalid names: Curimatidae [empty]
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Invalid names: Bivibranchiini [empty], Hemiodontini [empty]
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Invalid names: Lebiasininae [empty], Pyrrhulininae [empty]
Fm. Serrasalmidae Günther 1864
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G. †Megapiranha Cione et al. 2009
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†Megapiranha paranensis Cione et al. 2009
G. Mylossoma Eigenmann and Kennedy 1903
G. Piaractus Eigenmann 1903
Invalid names: Bryconidae [empty], Chalceidae [empty], Characoidea [empty], Chilodontidae Eigenmann 1912 [empty], Crenuchoidea [empty], Ctenoluciidae [empty], Gasteropelecidae [empty], Hepsetidae [empty], Parodontidae [empty], Prochilodontidae [empty], Triportheidae [empty]
Subor. Citharinoidei Buckup 1998
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G. †Eocitharinus Murray 2003
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Invalid names: Citharinidae [empty], Distichodontidae [empty]
G. Miletes Heckel 1849
G. Rhodsia Fowler 1911
G. †Santanichthys Silva Santos 1991
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†Santanichthys diasii Silva Santos 1958
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: freshwatero
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 10:36:16
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:36:16
Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Calabrian or 83.50000 to 0.77400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 70.6 Ma

Collections (146 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Sudan (Ash Shamaliyah) Characiformes indet. (38682)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Utah) Characiformes indet. (14466)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Characiformes indet. (74660)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Characiformes indet. (230676)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Romania (Hunedoara) Characidae indet. (67811)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Romania (Alba) Characiformes indet. (115074)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Bolivia (Cochabamba) Characoidei indet., Tetragonopterinae indet. (12855)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Brazil (Minas Gerais) Characiformes indet. (83250)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Bolivia (Mizque) Hoplias sp., Rhodsia sp., Miletes sp. (13501)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Bolivia Serrasalmidae indet., Erythrinidae indet. (176065)
Thanetian - Ypresian59.2 - 47.8Peru (Puno) Tetragonopterinae indet. (28230 132938)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Algeria Characidae indet. (71984)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Algeria (Bechar region) Characiformes indet. (77014)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Tanzania Eocitharinus macrognathus (31499)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Hydrocynus sp. (149173)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Peru (Loreto) C. dome-like teeth, C. hook-like teeth, C. acuminate teeth, Colossoma sp., Hydrolycus sp. (176140) C. pad-like teeth, Leporinus sp. (176151)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Peru C. hook-like teeth, Characiformes indet. (176141) Characiformes indet., Leporinus sp. (176136) Cynodontidae indet. (176154) Leporinus sp. (176139)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene47.8 - 33.9Libya (Sirt) Characiformes indet., Alestidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (187328) Characiformes indet., Hydrocynus sp. (187327) Hydrocynus sp. (175361 175362)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0United Kingdom (England) Characoidei indet. (39014)
Priabonian - Rupelian38.0 - 28.1Peru (Loreto) C. croc-like teeth, C. hook-like teeth, C. pad-like teeth, C. acuminate teeth, Leporinus sp. (144474)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Peru (San Martin) Characiformes indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (225588)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Peru (San Martín) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (225589)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Peru Characiformes indet. 2, Characiformes indet. 3, Characiformes indet. 4, Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (199559) Characiformes indet. 4, Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (199563 225590) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (199561)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Oman (Dhofar) Characiformes indet. (162464)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.03Peru Characiformes indet. 2, Characiformes indet. 3, Characiformes indet. 4, Anostomidae indet. sp 1, Anostomidae indet. sp 2, Hydrolycus sp. (199560) Characiformes indet. 2, Characiformes indet. 4, Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (199562)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.03Peru (Loreto) C. hook-like tooth, C. dome-like teeth, Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176129)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Tanzania (Mbeya) Alestidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (190951)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Peru (Loreto) C. dome-like tooth, C. pad-like teeth, C. tricuspid teeth, Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176147) C. hook-like teeth, C. pad-like teeth, Erythrinidae indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176130)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Peru Anostomidae indet. (176155) Hydrolycus sp. (176148)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Kenya Alestidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (174672)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Characidae indet. (22344) Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22247 22396 22398 22400 22405 22419 22433) Hydrocynus sp. (22214 22217 22218 22245 22392 22422 22437 22457)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Peru C. hook-like teeth, C. pad-like teeth, C. acuminate teeth, Anostomidae indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176149)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Colombia (La Guajira) Serrasalmidae sp., Characidae sp. (166506)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Uganda Alestidae indet. (192070)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Colombia (Guajira) Mylossoma sp., Piaractus brachypomus (190376)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Peru (Loreto) Colossoma macropomum (224013) Hoplias sp., Serrasalmidae indet., Colossoma macropomum (224012) Serrasalmidae indet., Characidae indet., Cynodontidae indet., Mylossoma sp. (224007) Serrasalmidae indet., Colossoma macropomum (224009) Serrasalmidae indet., Cynodontidae indet. (224010)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Peru C. hook-like teeth, C. pad-like teeth, C. acuminate teeth, Anostomidae indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176135)
Middle Miocene - Tortonian15.97 - 7.246Peru Characiformes indet. (176144)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Peru C. hook-like teeth, Anostomidae indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176156) C. hook-like teeth, C. croc-like teeth, Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176143)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Colombia (Huila) Characidae indet., Colossoma macropomum, Hydrolycus sp., Tetragonopterinae indet. (186683) Colossoma macropomum (186447 186669) Hydrolycus sp. (186678) Leporinus sp. (186679)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Venezuela Serrasalmidae indet. (200110 200111)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) Colossoma sp. (55602)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Peru C. croc-like teeth, Anostomidae tricuspid teeth, Anostomidae hexacuspid teeth, Hydrolycus sp. (176162) C. hook-like teeth, C. pentacuspid teeth, C. croc-like teeth, Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176133)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22241)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Uganda Hydrocynus sp. (22358 22443)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Uganda Hydrocynus sp. (22345)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Chad Hydrocynus sp. (24181)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Entre Rios) Cynodontidae indet., Colossoma macropomus (55600) Megapiranha paranensis (140471 140472)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Hydrocynus sp. (59839)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (22242)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Tanzania Hydrocynus sp. (22042 22058)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22240) Hydrocynus sp. (21406 21510)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Uganda Characidae indet. (22250) Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22258) Hydrocynus sp. (22257 22265)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Congo-Kinshasa Hydrocynus sp. (22198)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22235 22239)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Uganda Hydrocynus sp. (22202 22203 22209)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22122 22346) Hydrocynus sp. (22207)
Montehermosan5.0 - 3.8Argentina (Buenos Aires) Characidae indet. (152081 198863)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Venezuela (Falcon) Hoplias sp., Serrasalmidae indet., Mylossoma sp. (122033)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Egypt Hydrocynus sp. (22592)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Hydrocynus sp. (21546)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (21425 21432 21436 21485 21509)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Colombia (La Guajira) Serrasalmidae sp., Characidae sp., Hydrolycus scomberoides, Hydrolycus sp., Rhaphiodon sp. (166508)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Uganda Hydrocynus sp. (22178)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Ethiopia Hydrocynus sp. (21545)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (21398 21412 21418 21420 21451 21457 21461 21478 21483 21486 21504 21537)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (21367 21370 21421 21462 21495 21498 22342)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya (Rift Valley) Hydrocynus sp. (21294)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (21368 21443)