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Praecardioidea
Taxonomy
Praecardioidea was named by Hoernes (1884).
It was assigned to Praecardioida by Jagt-Yazykova et al. (2006), Kříž (2007); to Mytiloida by Nevesskaja (2009); to Praecardiida by Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Praecardioidei by Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Praecardioida by Jagt-Yazykova et al. (2006), Kříž (2007); to Mytiloida by Nevesskaja (2009); to Praecardiida by Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Praecardioidei by Carter et al. (2011).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1884 | Praecardiacea Hoernes |
| 1884 | Praecardioidea Hoernes |
| 1965 | Praecardiacea Newell p. 17 |
| 1980 | Praecardiacea Vokes p. 8 |
| 2006 | Praecardioidea Jagt-Yazykova et al. p. 716 |
| 2007 | Praecardioidea Kříž p. 1361 |
| 2009 | Praecardioidea Nevesskaja |
| 2010 | Praecardioidea Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Praecardioidea Carter et al. p. 7 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Praecardioidea Hoernes 1884
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Fm. †Buchiolidae Grimm 1998
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G. †Costacutia Grimm 2000
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†Costacutia acuticosta Sandberger and Sandberger 1854
Invalid names: Acuticosta Grimm 1998 [replaced]
G. †Disarnella Kříž 2004
G. †Glyptohallicardia Grimm 1998
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†Glyptohallicardia multicostata Jagt-Yazykova et al. 2006
†Glyptohallicardia palmata Goldfuss 1837
G. †Levibuchiola Grimm 1998
G. †Planocardia Grimm 1998
G. †Porsugenia Grimm 1998
Fm. †Praecardiidae Hoernes 1884
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Subfm. †Cardiolinae Fischer 1886
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G. †Opisthocoelus Beushausen 1895
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†Lunulicardium (Opisthocoelus) transversale Clarke 1904
†Opisthocoelus ausavensis Steininger 1853
†Opisthocoelus concentricus Beushausen 1895
Subfm. †Dexiobiinae Newell and LaRocque 1969
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G. †Oracardia Herrick 1888
G. †Manulicula Kríž 1967
G. †Praecardium Barrande 1881
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Invalid names: Barcinia Suner and Coma 1959 [synonym], Joachymcardium Ruzicka and Prantl 1960 [synonym], Nevesta Barrande 1881 [synonym], Pater Barrande 1881 [synonym], Pleurodonta Conrath 1887 [synonym], Puella Barrande 1881 [synonym], Regina Barrande 1881 [synonym], Silurocardium Meymerie 1878 [nomen oblitum]
G. †Pseudocostatoria Sinitsyna 1986
G. †Vetupraeca Nagel-Myers et al. 2008
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†Vetupraeca clymeniae Beushausen 1895
†Vetupraeca duplicata Münster 1840
†Vetupraeca melletes Clarke 1904
Invalid names: Deltacardium Nägel 2006 [replaced]
Invalid names: Neklaniidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [synonym], Pararcidae Ulrich 1894 [synonym]
Invalid names: Praecardiacea Hoernes 1884 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subc = subclass, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Eaton 1871 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Zahorany to the top of the Kinderhookian or 459.30000 to 351.90000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 443.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 443.1 Ma
Collections (120 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zahorany - Late/Upper Ordovician | Czechia | Neklania sp. (3866) | |
| Telychian | Spain (Guadalajara) | Telycardia malinka (85119) | |
| Jaani | Estonia (Saare) | Praecardium striatum (195595) | |
| Sheinwoodian | USA (Wisconsin) | Palaeocardia cordiiformis (13069 13075) | |
| Wenlock | China (Sichuan) | Praecardium ovatum (27762 27763) | |
| Wenlock | China (Jiangsu) | Fentounia helicorostrata (200827) | |
| Wenlock - Silurian | USA (Wisconsin) | Palaeocardia cordiiformis (13107) | |
| Homerian | Czechia | Manulicula manulia (14077) | |
| Gorstian | Czechia | Manulicula manulia (14063 14160) | |
| Gorstian | Italy (Sardinia) | Manulicula manulia (26178) | |
| Ludlow | China (Yunnan) | Praecardium distans (27796) | |
| Ludlow | United Kingdom (Wales) | Buchiola sp. (484) | |
| Ludlow | United Kingdom (England) | Buchiola sp. (482) | |
| Ludfordian | Austria | Praecardium sp. (14163) | |
| Ludfordian | Czechia | Praecardium sp. (14162) | |
| Pridoli | Czechia | Praecardium sp. (13894 14168 14183 232620) Praecardium spp. (14039 14040 14041 14076 14080) | |
| Pridoli | Italy (Sardinia) | Praecardium massolei, Praecardium adolescens, Praecardium sp. (26183) | |
| Pridoli | Poland | Praecardium adolescens, Praecardium numa (23027 23032) | |
| Pridoli | Morocco | Praecardium tranquillum (27336) | |
| Pridoli - Helderbergian | Italy (Sardinia) | Praecardium sp. (26165) | |
| Lochkovian | Czechia | Neklania sp. (14121 14187 14188 14189 231818) | |
| Lochkovian | Morocco | Neklania insignis, Neklania explanata, Neklania resecta (13936) Neklania resecta (233195) | |
| Lochkovian - Pragian | Canada (Northwest Territories and Yukon) | Praecardiorda indet. (592) | |
| Devonian - Eifelian | Czechia | Pantata indet. (10470) | |
| Early/Lower Devonian - Eifelian | Czechia | Kralovna indet. (12148) | |
| Lochkovian - Middle Devonian | Czechia | Neklania indet. (10314) | |
| Pragian | Czechia (Praha) | Kralovna sp. (235199) | |
| Pragian | Czechia | Kralovna indet. (12104) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Buchiola sp. (26904) Praecardium sp. (74301) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany (Gemuenden) | Buchiola sp., Puella sp. (26903) | |
| Emsian | Canada (Nunavut) | Praecardium sp. (170992) | |
| Emsian | China (Gansu) | Tewoella xiawunaensis (200828) | |
| Emsian | South Africa | Buchiola subpalmata (35578 35581 35589) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | Brazil (Piaui) | Praecardium sp. (37128) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Spain (Aragon) | Buchiola sp. (40408 40418) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian | China (Guangxi) | Buchiola sp., Buchiola misera (25756) | |
| Eifelian | Spain (Palencia) | Buchiola sp. (40353 40354) | |
| Eifelian | Czechia (Barrandia) | Buchiola indet. (12041) | |
| Eifelian | USA (Maryland) | Euthydesma sp. (611) | |
| Eifelian | Germany | Buchiola aquarum (127762) Buchiola sp. (616) | |
| Eifelian | Czechia (Moravia) | Buchiola ruppachensis, Buchiola digitata (25063) | |
| Givetian | Canada (Northwest Territories and Yukon) | Buchiola sp. (625 658) | |
| Givetian | USA (Ohio) | Glyptocardia speciosa (76557 76565) | |
| Givetian | Czechia | Buchiola indet. (12053) | |
| Givetian | USA (New York) | Buchiola retrostriata (9380 9492) Buchiola retrostriata, Praecardium sp. (9498 9499) Buchiola sp. (9359 9364 89664) Glyptocardia speciosa (89886 89892 90866) Praecardium sp. (9490 9491 9495 9496 9497) | |
| Givetian - Frasnian | Spain (Palencia) | Buchiola sp. (40356) | |
| Givetian - Frasnian | China (Hunan) | Praecardium sp. (233242) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Puella sp. (82561) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Poland | Glyptohallicardia ferruginea, Glyptohallicardia conversa, Glyptohallicardia multicostata, Glyptohallicardia palmata (73157) | |
| Frasnian | Germany | Buchiola sp. (145664 227981 227982) Buchiolidae indet. (227980) Opisthocoelus concentricus, Cardium ausavense (135671) | |
| Frasnian | Spain (Aragon) | Buchiola palmata (40498) Buchiola sp. (40447 40448 40449) | |
| Frasnian | USA (New York) | Lunulicardium transversale (55168) | |
| Frasnian - Famennian | Germany | Buchiolidae indet. (227979) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Buchiola sp. (236363) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | France (Alsace) | Buchiola sp., Buchiola angulifera (38675) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian - Early/Lower Famennian | USA (New York) | Astarte subtextilis (233188) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Germany (Bayern) | Cardiola duplicata (84620) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Germany (Rhenish Massif) | Buchiola palmata, Buchiola postuma, Praecardium vetustum, Praecardium clymeniae, Euthydesma beyrichi (5960) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Buchiola palmata, Buchiola retrostriata, Opisthocoelus concentricus (235121) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | USA (New York) | Cardium vetustum (84619) Praecardium duplicatum (84652) Praecardium vetustum (84700 84701) Praecardium vetustum, Praecardium multicostatum (84629) | |
| Famennian | Germany (Wenden) | Buchiola sp. (645) | |
| Famennian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Buchiola sp. (38325 38327) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Poland | Buchiola sp. (134803) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Germany | Buchiola sp. (667) | |
| Kinderhookian | USA (Iowa) | Dexiobia halli, Dexiobia whitei (232756) | |
| Kinderhookian | USA (Missouri) | Dexiobia chouteauensis (232759) Dexiobia whitei (147937 232757) | |
| Kinderhookian - Osagean | USA (Missouri) | Dexiobia varicostata (232758) |