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Balcis

Gastropoda - Eulimidae

Taxonomy
Balcis was named by Leach (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Melanella (Balcis) by Bartsch (1917).

It was assigned to Melanella by Bartsch (1917); to Melanellidae by Ward and Blackwelder (1987); to Eulimidae by Addicott (1970), Woodring (1970), Hickman (1980), Ladd (1982) and Wienrich (2001); and to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1847Balcis Leach p. 271
1917Melanella (Balcis) Bartsch p. 319
1970Balcis Addicott p. 57
1970Balcis Woodring p. 327
1980Balcis Hickman p. 32
1982Balcis Ladd p. 55
1987Balcis Ward and Blackwelder p. 131
2001Balcis Wienrich p. 462
2002Balcis Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
RankNameAuthor
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
superfamilyVanikoroideaGray 1840
familyEulimidaePhilippi 1853
genusBalcisLeach 1847

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Balcis Leach 1847
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Subg. Balcis (Balcis) Leach 1847
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†Balcis (Balcis) aulaca Woodring 1970
†Balcis (Balcis) cetia Woodring 1970
†Balcis (Balcis) lipara Woodring 1970
Subg. Balcis (Vitreolina) Monterosato 1884
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Vitreolina arcuata Adams 1850
Vitreolina macra Bartsch 1917
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Invalid names: Balcis (Vitreolina) obstipa Berry 1954 [synonym], Melanella (Balcis) prefalcata Bartsch 1917 [synonym]
†Balcis beaufortensis Ward and Blackwelder 1987
†Balcis biconica Gardner 1948
Balcis compacta Carpenter 1864
†Balcis conchita Keen 1943
†Balcis lutzi Addicott 1970
Balcis micans Carpenter 1864
†Balcis monicensis Bartsch 1917
Balcis necropolitana Bartsch 1917
†Balcis oldroydae Bartsch 1917
†Balcis petrolia Addicott 1970
Balcis tersa Berry 1954
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
P. Bartsch 1917Melanellas with flexed shells.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: carnivoref
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 08:26:47
Modified: 2009-09-10 10:26:47
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Paleocene to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 56.0 Ma

Collections (146 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Alabama) B. sp. (2924)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Texas) B. wheeleri (91844)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Alabama) B. wheeleri (92375)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France Melanella distorta (171526)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Texas) B. exilis, B. tenua (90651) B. spp. (90455)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France (Centre) Melanella subbrevis (178085)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (South Carolina) B. spp. A (92308 92355)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Louisiana) B. spp. A (92348)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Texas) B. aciculata (205410 205447) B. aciculata, B. exilis, B. sp. (205422) B. claibornia (205480) B. exilis, B. tenua (7438 7439) B. notata (205483 205484) B. sp. (205515)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) B. aciculata, B. claibornia, B. notata (90600 205489) B. notata (2418 2423)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Mississippi) B. notata (2434 2436 2438 2446 2451) B. sp. (2444)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Oregon) B. sp. (40198)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4France (Essonne) B. naummani (9169)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Denmark (Jylland) B. alba, B. pseudonaumanni (9170)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Marshall Islands B. kanaka (78030)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) B. alba (62882 62883)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) B. alba (62884)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) B. alba (62934 62940 62960) B. glabella, B. alba (62899)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Germany Melanella alba (178467 178468 178469)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (California) B. conchita (206393)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82France (Centre) Melanella subbrevis (179581)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Netherlands B. alba (186883 186884)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Panama B. jacululum, B. lipara, B. aulaca (52173)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) B. alba (61895 61896 61898 61900 61902 61903 61904 61906 61907 62867 62885 62886 62887 62891 62892) B. alba, B. sp. (61905) B. glabella (61899) B. glabella, B. alba (61897 61901) B. sp. (62893)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Poland (Holy Cross Mountains) Melanella polita, Melanella subdepressa, Melanella colon (38823)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Panama B. cetia (93146 93147 93148) B. jacululum (52171) B. jacululum, B. cetia (93159) B. jacululum, B. lipara (93172) B. jacululum, B. lipara, B. cetia (93145 93160) B. lipara (52174 93174) B. sp. (82119 82121 136016 136118)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Venezuela B. egregia (130981)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Panama (Colon) B. sp. (79791)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Dominican Republic Melanella jacululum (58817)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Trinidad and Tobago B. egregia (60408 60637)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Argentina (Chubut) B. flechensis (42147)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Spain B. sp. (56687)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Panama (Bocas del Toro) B. sp. (135828)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Venezuela B. intermedia, B. sp. (131241)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Trinidad and Tobago B. sp. A (60412 60415 60416 60417)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Spain (Huelva) Melanella polita, Melanella lactea (71916)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ecuador B. berryi (96596)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Mexico (Veracruz) B. conoidea (134767 134768 134769)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Fiji B. vitrea (78066)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (North Carolina) B. biconica (58895) Strombiformis biconica (59307)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Panama (Bocas) B. sp. (79794)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (California) B. micans (189765)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Italy B. antiflexa (78312)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (California) B. sp. (202496)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (North Carolina) B. beufortensis, B. sp. (58897) Strombiformis biconica (59316)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Ecuador (Manabi) B. sp. (48664)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Strombiformis biconica (79331)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (California) Melanella micans (201624)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0USA (California) B. prefalcata (37933 37941 37947 37948)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) B. sp. (67069)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Vanuatu B. martinii (78043)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) B. micans (202494 223329) B. micans, B. prefalcata, B. tersa, B. obstipa, B. oldroydi (203118) B. sp. (202492) Melanella micans (222664) Melanella micans, Melanella prefalcata, Melanella oldroydi, Melanella necropolitana, Eulima falcata, Eulima hastata (222663) Melanella prefalcata (138723)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117USA (California) Eulima micans (222646)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan B. cumingii, B. sp. 1, B. sp. 2, B. sp. 3 (97961)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) B. micans (37673 219029 219030) B. micans, B. monicensis, B. oldroydi (96566) B. micans, B. monicensis, B. oldroydi, B. compacta (160361) B. micans, B. oldroydi (222950) Eulima micans (222661 222662) Melanella micans (96895 222659) Melanella micans, Melanella oldroydi (59063) Melanella micans, Melanella oldroydi, Eulima hastata (222660) Melanella monicensis, Melanella oldroydi (222679)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal (Azores) Vitreolina philippi (128470)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0China B. aciculata (96349 96353)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Louisiana) B. gracilis, B. arcuata (41935 92776)