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Hemiasteridae
Taxonomy
Hemiasteridae was named by Clark (1917). It is extant.
It was corrected as Hemiasteroidae by Donovan (1993).
It was assigned to Spatangina by Grant and Hertlein (1938); to Hemiasterina by Fischer (1966), Parma and Casadío (2005), Manso and Andrade (2008); and to Spatangoida by McNamara (1987), Smith (1991), Donovan (1993), Smith (1995), Berndt (2003), Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was corrected as Hemiasteroidae by Donovan (1993).
It was assigned to Spatangina by Grant and Hertlein (1938); to Hemiasterina by Fischer (1966), Parma and Casadío (2005), Manso and Andrade (2008); and to Spatangoida by McNamara (1987), Smith (1991), Donovan (1993), Smith (1995), Berndt (2003), Kroh and Smith (2010).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1917 | Hemiasteridae Clark |
| 1938 | Hemiasteridae Grant and Hertlein p. 113 |
| 1966 | Hemiasteridae Fischer p. U557 |
| 1987 | Hemiasteridae McNamara p. 336 |
| 1991 | Hemiasteridae Smith p. 52 |
| 1993 | Hemiasteroidae Donovan p. 101 |
| 1995 | Hemiasteridae Smith p. 232 |
| 2003 | Hemiasteridae Berndt p. 84 |
| 2005 | Hemiasteridae Parma and Casadío p. 1080 |
| 2008 | Hemiasteridae Manso and Andrade p. 322 |
| 2010 | Hemiasteridae Kroh and Smith p. 173 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Hemiasteridae Clark 1917
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G. †Cheopsia
G. †Crucibrissus
G. †Distefanaster
G. †Ditremaster
G. Hemiaster Agassiz and Desor 1847 [heart urchin]
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Subg. †Hemiaster (Bolbaster) Pomel 1869
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†Hemiaster (Bolbaster) callidus McNamara 1987
†Hemiaster (Bolbaster) dolosus McNamara 1987
†Hemiaster (Bolbaster) planedeclivis Gregory 1890
†Hemiaster (Bolbaster) prunella Lamarck 1816
†Hemiaster (Bolbaster) subidus McNamara 1987
†Hemiaster (Bolbaster) verecundus McNamara 1987
Subg. †Hemiaster (Gregoryaster) Lambert 1907
Subg. †Hemiaster (Hemiaster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924 [heart urchin]
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†Hemiaster (Hemiaster) madrugensis Weisbord 1934
†Hemiaster (Hemiaster) siboneyensis Weisbord 1934
Subg. Hemiaster (Holanthus) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Integraster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Leymeriaster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Trachyaster) Pomel 1869
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†Hemiaster (Trachyaster) decipiens Duncan and Sladen 1883
†Hemiaster (Trachyaster) herrarae Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926
Invalid names: Hemiaster (Trachyaster) minutus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum]
†Hemiaster aequisgranensis Schluter 1899
†Hemiaster alamedensis Kew 1920
†Hemiaster amelianus Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster antillensis Cotteau 1881
†Hemiaster arcolensis Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster arcticus Shmidt 1976
†Hemiaster atavus Cotteau 1883
†Hemiaster beecheri Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemiaster bufo Brongniart 1822
†Hemiaster californicus Clark 1891
†Hemiaster calvini Clark 1893
†Hemiaster cholamensis Kew 1920
†Hemiaster comanchei Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemiaster delawarensis Clark 1916
†Hemiaster dewalquei Cotteau 1881
†Hemiaster elegans Shumard 1853
†Hemiaster gonzalezmunozi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Hemiaster hattaensis Ali 1989
†Hemiaster humphreysanus Meek and Hayden 1856
†Hemiaster moscovensis Cooke 1959
†Hemiaster orbignyi Desor 1858
†Hemiaster oregonensis Kew 1920
†Hemiaster parastatus Morton 1833
†Hemiaster paronai Checchia-Rispoli 1921
†Hemiaster proclivus Cotteau et al. 1878
†Hemiaster regulusanus d'Orbigny 1854
†Hemiaster sabinal Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster scutiger Sharpe 1849
†Hemiaster stella Morton 1830
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Invalid names: Hemiaster (Integraster) garumnicus Lambert 1924 [synonym], Hemiaster garumnicus Lambert 1936 [synonym], Hemiaster hawkinsi Lambert 1933 [synonym], Hemiaster incrassatus Clark 1891 [synonym], Hemiaster madagascariensis Cottreau 1922 [synonym], Hemiaster punctatus dOrbigny 1856 [synonym], Hemiaster rutoti Lambert 1911 [synonym], Hemiaster tamulicus Kossmat 1897 [synonym], Trachyaster spissus Lambert 1924 [synonym]
†Hemiaster ungula Morton 1833
†Hemiaster welleri Clark 1907
†Hemiaster wetherbyi de Loriol 1887
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Invalid names: Hemiaster benhurensis Stephenson 1941 [synonym], Hemiaster bexari Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Hemiaster lacunosus Slocom 1909 [synonym]
†Hemiaster zululandensis Besairie and Lambert 1930
Invalid names: Hemiaster globulosus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Hemiaster kuemmeli Clark 1907 [nomen dubium], Hemiaster sibiricus Shmidt 1976 [nomen nudum]
G. †Heterolampas
G. †Holcopneustes
G. †Hypsopatagus Pomel 1869
G. †Isopetalum
G. †Mecaster Pomel 1883
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†Hemiaster (Mecaster) luynesi Cotteau 1869
†Hemiaster (Mecaster) syriacus Conrad in Lynch 1852
†Mecaster africanus Coquand 1862
†Mecaster aumalensis Coquand 1862
†Mecaster batnensis Coquand 1862
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Invalid names: Hemiaster cedroensis Maury 1936 [synonym], Hemiaster delgadoi de Loriol 1888 [synonym], Hemiaster jacksoni Maury 1925 [synonym]
†Mecaster fourneli Agassiz and Dessor 1847
†Mecaster nicaisei Coquand 1862
†Mecaster orbignyanus Desor 1857
†Mecaster palpebratus Loriol 1888
†Mecaster pseudofourneli Peron and Gauthier 1878
†Mecaster semicavatus Peron and Gauthier 1880
†Mecaster toucasanus d'Orbigny 1854
†Mecaster verneuili Desor 1847
†Mecaster victoris Lambert 1932
G. †Palhemiaster
G. †Periaster
G. †Psephoaster McNamara 1987
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†Psephoaster apokryphos McNamara 1987
†Psephoaster klydonos McNamara 1987
†Psephoaster lissos McNamara 1987
G. †Vomeraster
G. †Washitaster
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available