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Flexibilia

Crinoidea

Taxonomy
Flexibilia was named by Zittel (1895). It was considered monophyletic by Wright et al. (2017).

It was reranked as the order Flexibilia by Clark and Twitchell (1915); it was reranked as the infraclass Flexibilia by Webster and Webster (2012); it was reranked as the superorder Flexibilia by Wright et al. (2017), Mao et al. (2018), Wright et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Dicyclica by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Crinoidea by Ausich (1998), Webster et al. (1999), Webster et al. (2009), Ausich and Copper (2010); to Cladida by Webster and Webster (2012), Wright et al. (2017); and to Cladida by Mao et al. (2018), Wright et al. (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1895Flexibilia Zittel
1915Flexibilia Clark and Twitchell p. 39
1998Flexibilia Ausich p. 17
1999Flexibilia Webster et al. p. 475
2009Flexibilia Webster et al. p. 248
2010Flexibilia Ausich and Copper p. 54
2012Flexibilia Webster and Webster
2017Flexibilia Wright et al.
2018Flexibilia Mao et al. p. 1076
2019Flexibilia Wright et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
RankNameAuthor
classCrinoideaMiller 1821
subclassPentacrinoideaJaekel 1918
infraclassInadunata(Wachsmuth and Springer 1897)
—Cladida(Moore and Laudon 1943)
superorderFlexibilia(Zittel 1895)
superorderFlexibilia(Zittel 1895)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. †Flexibilia Zittel 1895
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Fm. †Cupulocrinidae Moore and Laudon 1943
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G. †Cupulocrinus d'Orbigny 1849
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†Cupulocrinus angustatus Meek and Worthen 1870
†Cupulocrinus canaliculatus Brower and Veinus 1978
†Cupulocrinus crossmani Brower 1992
†Cupulocrinus humilis Billings 1857
†Cupulocrinus jewetti Billings 1859
†Cupulocrinus latibrachiatus Billings 1857
†Cupulocrinus levorsoni Kolata 1986
†Cupulocrinus polydactylus Shumard 1858
†Cupulocrinus sepulchrum Ramsbottom 1961
G. †Morenacrinus Ausich et al. 2002
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†Morenacrinus silvani Ausich et al. 2002
G. †Quinquecaudex Brower and Veinus 1982
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†Quienquecaudex springeri Kolata 1975
Fm. †Edriocrinidae Miller 1889
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G. †Edriocrinus Hall 1858
G. †Icthyocrinus Conrad 1842
Or. †Sagenocrinida Springer 1913
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Fm. †Homalocrinidae Angelin 1878
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G. †Tintinnabulicrinus Wright and Toom 2017
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†Tintinnabulicrinus estoniensis Wright and Toom 2017
Superfm. †Icthyocrinacea Angelin 1878
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Fm. †Anisocrinidae Eckert and Brett 2001
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†Anisocrinus interradiatus Angelin 1878
†Anisocrinus prinstaensis Ausich and Copper 2010
Superfm. †Icthyocrinoidea Wachsmuth and Springer 1886
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Fm. †Icthyocrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer 1886
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G. †Cleistocrinus Springer 1920
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†Clidochirus americanus Springer 1920
†Clidochirus anebos Wachsmuth and Springer 1880
†Clidochirus pyrum Angelin 1878
†Clidochirus serrulatus Brower 1973
†Clidochirus springeri Ausich 1984
†Clidochirus ulrichi Foerste 1919
†Clidochirus vaurealensis Ausich and Copper 2010
Superfm. †Lecanocrinacea Webster 2006
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Fm. †Gaulocrinidae Moore and Strimple 1973
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Fm. †Lecanocrinidae Springer 1913
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Fm. †Nipterocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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†Hormocrinus anglicus Springer 1920
†Hormocrinus quebecensis Ausich and Copper 2010
†Hormocrinus tennesseensis Worthen 1890
Fm. †Palaeoholopodidae Wanner 1916
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Superfm. †Lecanocrinoidea Webster 2006
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Fm. †Calycocrinidae Moore and Strimple 1973
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†Ammonicrinus kerdreoletensis Menn and Jaouen 2003
†Ammonicrinus wanneri Springer 1926
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†Calycocrinus crassus Wanner 1916
†Calycocrinus curvatus Wanner 1916
†Calycocrinus furnishi Moore and Strimple 1973
†Calycocrinus granulatus Wanner 1916
†Calycocrinus kupangensis Wanner 1916
†Calycocrinus major Wanner 1916
†Calycocrinus malaianus Wanner 1916
†Calycocrinus patella Wanner 1924
†Calycocrinus piriformis Wanner 1924
†Calycocrinus poculus Wanner 1916
†Calycocrinus spinosus Wanner 1916
†Calycocrinus symmetricus Moore and Strimple 1973
G. †Plagiocrinus Wanner 1924
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†Plagiocrinus jaekeli Wanner 1924
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G. †Cibolocrinus Weller 1909
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†Cibolocrinus bellus Moore and Strimple 1973
†Cibolocrinus circulus Moore and Strimple 1973
†Cibolocrinus jonkeri Wanner 1924
†Cibolocrinus patriciae Burke 1975
†Cibolocrinus spinosus Moore and Strimple 1973
†Cibolocrinus tumidus Moore and Plummer 1938
†Cibolocrinus typus Weller 1909
G. †Loxocrinus Wanner 1916
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†Loxocrinus booni Marez Oyens 1940
†Loxocrinus dilatatus Wanner 1916
†Loxocrinus globulus Wanner 1916
G. †Petrocrinus Wanner 1924
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†Petrocrinus beyrichi Wanner 1924
†Petrocrinus kukaensis Wanner 1916
G. †Strobocrinus Lane 1979
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G. †Syntomocrinus Wanner 1916
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†Syntomocrinus sundaicus Wanner 1916
G. †Trinalicrinus Lane 1979
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Fm. †Prophyllocrinidae Moore and Strimple 1973
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G. †Ancistrocrinus Wanner 1924
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G. †Proapsidocrinus Wanner 1924
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†Proapsidocrinus permicus Wanner 1924
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†Prophyllocrinus dentatus Wanner 1916
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†Proanisocrinus oswegoensis Miller and Gurley 1984
Superfm. †Sagenocrinitoidea Bassler 1938
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Fm. †Sagenocrinitidae Bassler 1938
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†Forbesiocrinus siculus de Gregorio 1930
G. †Meristocrinus Springer 1909
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†Meristocrinus orbignyi M'Coy 1850
G. †Trampidocrinus Lane and Webster 1966
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†Trampidocrinus bellicus Lane and Webster 1966
†Trampidocrinus phiala Lane and Webster 1966
Superfm. †Sagenocrinoidea Bassler 1938
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Fm. †Dactylocrinidae Bather 1899
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G. †Nevadacrinus Lane and Webster 1966
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†Nevadacrinus geniculatus Lane and Webster 1966
G. †Rumphiocrinus Wanner 1924
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†Rumphiocrinus singularis Wanner 1924
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†Wachsmuthicrinus corrugatus Webster and Lane 1987
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†Zenocrinus zeus Moore and Strimple 1973
Fm. †Euryocrinidae Moore and Strimple 1973
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G. †Ainacrinus Wright 1941
G. †Ancoracrinus Webster and Lane 1987
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†Ancoracrinus typus Webster and Lane 1987
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†Artichthyocrinus koenigi Webster 2012
†Artichthyocrinus limani Mao et al. 2018
G. †Paramphicrinus Strimple and Moore 1971
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†Paramphicrinus magnus Moore and Strimple 1973
†Paramphicrinus oklahomaensis Strimple and Moore 1971
Or. †Taxocrinida Springer 1913
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G. †Haereticotaxocrinus Franzen 1981
Fm. †Paerticrinidae Wright and Toom 2017
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G. †Paerticrinus Wright and Toom 2017
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†Paerticrinus arvosus Wright and Toom 2017
G. †Praeorocrinus Gluchowski 1980
Superfm. †Taxocrinacea Angelin 1878
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Fm. †Synerocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Enascocrinus Strimple and Watkins 1969
G. †Euonychocrinus Strimple 1940
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†Euonychocrinus simplex Strimple and Moore 1971
†Euonychocrinus websteri Waters et al. 2003
G. †Onychocrinus Lyon and Cassidy 1860
G. †Synerocrinus Jaekel 1897
Fm. †Taxocrinidae Angelin 1878
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G. †Eutaxocrinus Springer 1906
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†Eutaxocrinus chinaensis Lane et al. 1997
†Eutaxocrinus gracilis Meek and Worthen 1865
†Eutaxocrinus maccoyanus Salter 1873
†Eutaxocrinus whiteavesi Springer 1906
G. †Gnorimocrinus Wachsmuth and Springer 1879
G. †Ladacrinus Ausich and Copper 2010
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†Ladacrinus asynaptos Ausich and Copper 2010
G. †Parichthyocrinus Springer 1902
G. †Protaxocrinus Springer 1906
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†Protaxocrinus aberrans Bouska 1956
†Protaxocrinus amii Bolton 1970
†Protaxocrinus anellus Eckert and Brett 2001
†Protaxocrinus elegans Billings 1857
†Protaxocrinus girardeau Springer 1920
†Protaxocrinus girvanensis Ramsbottom 1961
†Protaxocrinus laevis Billings 1857
†Protaxocrinus paraios Ausich and Copper 2010
†Protaxocrinus robustus Bassler 1915
†Protaxocrinus sideros Ausich and Copper 2010
G. †Taxocrinus Phillips 1843
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†Taxocrinus anomalus Waters et al. 2003
†Taxocrinus macrodactylus Phillips 1841
†Taxocrinus ovalis Angelin 1878
†Taxocrinus stultus Whidborne 1896
Invalid names: Pinnata [empty], Taxocrinoidea Springer 1913 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available