Khok Sung Quarry: Middle Pleistocene, Thailand
collected by Department of Mineral Resources 2005
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Reptilia
- Boidae
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Serpentes indet.
Linnaeus 1758
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| Vertebra | ||||||||||
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= Python sp.
Daudin 1803
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-00-21, DMR-KS-05-03-00-16 and DMR-KS-05-04-28-12 | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Varanidae
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Varanus sp.
Merrem 1820
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-08-36 and DMR-KS- 05-03-29-36 | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Chitra sp.
Gray 1844
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Claude et al. 2011 | |||||||||
| Articulated nuchal, first costal and first neural plates of large size (DMR KS0506-22-2) | ||||||||||
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cf. Amyda sp.
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
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Claude et al. 2011 | |||||||||
| A partial plastron consisting of the hypo- and hyoplastron (DMRKS0305-31-11, DMRKS0305- 31-12, DMRKS0305-31-13) and xiphiplastron (DMR KS05032645) | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Testudines
- Geoemydidae
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Testudines indet.
Batsch 1788
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= Batagur cf. trivittata
Duméril and Bibron 1835
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Claude et al. 2011 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS0305-24-1, DMR-KS05-03-2446, DMR-KS0503-15-4, DMR-KS05-03-16-01 | ||||||||||
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Malayemys sp.
Lindholm 1931
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Claude et al. 2011 | |||||||||
| Fifth costal plate (DMRKS201102- 1) | ||||||||||
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Heosemys annandalii
Boulenger 1903
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Claude et al. 2011 | |||||||||
| Several complete shells (DMR-KS201102-05) | ||||||||||
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Heosemys cf. grandis
Gray 1860
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Claude et al. 2011 | |||||||||
| A few neural plates (DMR-KS201102-2) and some posterior peripheral plates (DMR-KS201102-3 and DMR-KS201102-4) | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Gavialidae
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Gavialis cf. bengawanicus
Dubois 1908
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| DMR-KS-201202-1, a complete skull and associated mandibles; DMR-KS-03-25-23, a skull missing the rostrum and much of the palate; DMR-KS-05-06-22-1, a pair of dentaries; DMR-KS-05-03-08-37, a jaw fragment with two teeth; DMR-KS-05-03-27-7, a right humerus; DMR-KS-05-03-26-7, DMR-KS-03-27-22, a right proximal portion of humerus; DMRKS- 05-03-27-6, a left distal portion of humerus; a left femur; DMR-KS-05-03-26-12, 05-03-26-40, 05-03-26-41; 05-03-27-23, 05-03-27-24, 05-03-27-25, six osteoderms; DMR-KS-12-03-05, three osteoderms | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
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Crocodylus cf. siamensis
Schneider 1801
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-30-30, DMR-KS-05-03-21-1, DMR-KS-05-03-00-19, DMR-KS-05-03-14-3, DMR-KS-05-03-22-22, DMR-KS-05-04-06-3, DMRKS- 05-04-29-10, DMR-KS-05-03-29-57, DMR-KS-05-03-29-58, and DMR-KS-05-03-27-25 | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Theropoda
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Galliformes indet.
Temminck 1820
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-04-05-40 | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Elephas sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-22-1; DMR-KS-05-03-17-12 | ||||||||||
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Stegodon sp.
Falconer 1857
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= Stegodon cf. orientalis
Owen 1870
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Hyaenidae indet.
Gray 1821
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= Crocuta crocuta
Erxleben 1777
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| Crocuta crocuta ultima | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Cuon sp.
Hodgson 1838
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-04-11-34; DMRKS- 05-04-28-13 | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Rhinoceros sondaicus
Desmarest 1822
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Rhinoceros unicornis
Linnaeus 1758
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Suidae
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Sus barbatus
Müller 1838
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Rusa unicolor
(Kerr 1792)
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Cervidae indet.
Gray 1821
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= Axis axis
Erxleben 1777
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Panolia eldii
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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= Bos sauveli
Urbain 1937
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Bos gaurus
Smith 1827
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Bubalus arnee
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Capricornis sumatraensis
Linnaeus 1758
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-03-XX (multiple specimens) | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
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Macaca sp.
Lacépède 1799
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Suraprasit et al. 2016 | |||||||||
| DMR-KS-05-04-04-1 | ||||||||||
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Actinopteri
- Siluriformes
- Siluridae
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Siluridae indet.
Cuvier 1816
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| DMR-KS-05-03-22-76; DMR-KS-05-04-11-20; DMRKS- 05-04-05-25 | ||||||||||
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unclassified
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Plantae indet.
Haeckel 1866
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| "plant remains" | ||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Thailand | State/province: | Nakhon Ratchasima | County: | Mueang |
| Coordinates: | 15.0° North, 102.1° East (view map) | ||||
| Paleocoordinates: | 15.0° North, 102.1° East | ||||
| Basis of coordinate: | estimated from map | ||||
| Geographic resolution: | small collection |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
| Stage: | Chibanian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Middle Pleistocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 0.774 - 0.129 m.y. ago | ||
| Age estimate: | 213 to 188 Ka (paleomagnetic) |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: Stegodon fauna; late Middle Pleistocene, either 188 ka or 213 ka | |||||
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | unlithified gravel |
| Secondary lithology: | unlithified sandstone |
| Includes fossils? | Y |
| Includes fossils? | Y |
| Lithology description: Recent alluvial deposits of silts, sands, and gravels | |
| Environment: | alluvial fan |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | field collection | ||
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | ||
| Collectors: | Department of Mineral Resources | Collection dates: | 2005 |
| Collection method comments: DMR-KS, Khok Sung Collection, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Thailand | |||
Metadata
| Also known as: | Khok Sung sand pit | ||
| Database number: | 143885 | ||
| Authorizer: | P. Mannion | Enterer: | P. Mannion |
| Modifier: | P. Mannion | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2013-04-26 22:14:55 | Last modified: | 2020-05-26 08:13:20 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2013-04-26 22:14:55 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 46555. | J. E. Martin, E. Buffetaut, W. Naksri, K. Lauprasert, and J. Claude. 2012. Gavialis from the Pleistocene of Thailand and its relevance for drainage connections from India to Java. PLoS One 7(9):e44541 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion] |
Secondary references:
| 46623 | J. Claude, W. Naksri, N. Boonchai, E. Buffetaut, J. Duangkrayom, C. Laojumpon, P. Jintasakul, K. Lauprasert, J. Martin, V. Suteethorn, and H. Tong. 2011. Neogene reptiles of northeastern Thailand and their paleogeographical significance. Annales de Paléontologie 97:113-131 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion] | |
| 72517 | K. Suraprasit, J.-J. Jaegar, Y. Chaimanee, O. Chavasseau, C. Yamee, P. Tian, and S. Panha. 2016. The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications. ZooKeys 613:1-157 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion] |