Brisbane: Tiffanian, North Dakota
collected by R. Holtzman 1977

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843
Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae
Acipenser sp. Linnaeus 1758
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Urodela
Piceoerpeton willwoodense (Meszoely 1967)
Naylor and Krause 1981 1 specimen
trunk vertebrae SMM P77.8.282
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Batrachosauroididae
Opisthotriton sp. Auffenberg 1961
Reptilia
Champsosaurus sp. Cope 1876
Reptilia - Simoedosauridae
Simoedosaurus sp. Gervais 1877
Erickson 1987
    = Simoedosauridae indet. Lemone 1884
Brownstein 2022
Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Graculavidae
Graculavidae indet. Fürbringer 1888
Benson 1999 1 specimen
SMM P.77.8.210
Mammalia
Peradectes elegans Matthew and Granger 1921
Mammalia - Proteutheria - Palaeoryctidae
Palaeoryctes cf. punctatus Van Valen 1966
Pararyctes pattersoni Van Valen 1966
Mammalia - Carnivora - Miacidae
Miacidae indet. Cope 1880
Mammalia - Viverravidae
Protictis paralus Holtzman 1978
Mammalia - Procreodi - Arctocyonidae
Thryptacodon australis Simpson 1935
Mammalia - Phenacodontidae
Ectocion wyomingensis (Gazin 1956)
    = Ectocion collinus Russell 1929
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Pantolestidae
Propalaeosinopa albertensis Simpson 1927
Mammalia - Nyctitheriidae
Leptacodon tener Matthew and Granger 1921
Mammalia - Primates - Picrodontidae
Picrodontidae indet. Simpson 1937
Mammalia - Primates - Plesiadapidae
Nannodectes sp. Gingerich 1975
Plesiadapis rex (Gidley 1923)
Mammalia - Primates - Carpolestidae
Carpodaptes cygneus (Russell 1967)
    = Carpocristes sp. Beard and Wang 1995
Beard 2000
    = Carpodaptes cf. hazelae Simpson 1936
Fox 2002
Mammalia - Primates - Paromomyidae
Ignacius frugivorus Matthew and Granger 1921
Mammalia - Macroscelidea - Apheliscidae
Haplaletes diminutivus Dorr 1952
    = Dorraletes diminutivus Dorr 1952
Alroy 2002
Aletodon quadravus Gingerich 1983
Gingerich 1983
"condylarth" form "1"
Mammalia - Macroscelidea
Litolestes lacunatus Gazin 1956
    = Litocherus zygeus Gingerich 1983
Gingerich 1983
Mammalia - Insectivora
Insectivora indet. Bowdich 1821
form "1"
Mammalia - Pentacodontidae
Bisonalveus sp. Gazin 1956
    = Bisonalveus holtzmani Gingerich 1983
Gingerich 1983
Mammalia - Apatemyidae
Unuchinia dysmathes Holtzman 1978
Mammalia
Titanoides ? primaevus Gidley 1917
Mammalia - Cimolestidae
Palaeosinopa cf. simpsoni Van Valen 1967
    = Paleotomus cf. senior Simpson 1937
Scott et al. 2002
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Ptilodontidae
Ptilodus montanus Douglass 1908
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Neoplagiaulacidae
Parectypodus sp. Jepsen 1930
Mesodma sp. Jepsen 1940
    = Mesodma pygmaea Sloan 1987
Sloan 1987
Ectypodus sp. Matthew and Granger 1921
Neoplagiaulax sp. Lemoine 1882
forms 1 and 2
Neoplagiaulax hunteri (Simpson 1936)
unclassified
Microcosmodon woodi Holtzman and Wolberg 1977
    = informal Weil eucosmodontid woodi
Alroy 2002
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
Odontaspis sp. Agassiz 1838
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:North Dakota County:Grant
Coordinates: 46.7° North, 101.8° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:51.4° North, 80.1° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period: Paleogene Epoch: Paleocene
10 m.y. bin: Cenozoic 1
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval: Tiffanian
Age range of interval: 60.9 - 56.2 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Slope
Local section:Tngue Local bed:1
Local order:bottom to top
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: not reported
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (in situ),field collection
Collection size:310 specimens
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Collectors:R. Holtzman Collection dates:1977
Taxonomic list comments:relative position of Brisbane and Judson unclear but both are close to the base of the fm., i.e., below Riverdale
3.7 to 7.0 m above base of Slope Fm. (NOT Tongue River Fm.): Hartman and Kihm 1991
Gunnell 1994 lists P. sp. "C"; not clear if this replaces P. montanus
Metadata
Database number:14931
Authorizer:J. Alroy, P. Holroyd, P. Mannion, M. Carrano Enterer:J. Alroy, M. Carrano, P. Mannion, P. Holroyd
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:1993-02-18 00:00:00 Last modified:2022-10-05 09:24:48
Access level:the public Released:1993-02-18 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
1929. R. C. Holtzman. 1978. Late Paleocene Mammals of the Tongue River Formation, Western North Dakota. North Dakota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 65:1-88 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
1039 K. C. Beard. 2000. A new species of Carpocristes (Mammalia: Primatomorpha) from the middle Tiffanian of the Bison Basin, Wyoming, with notes on carpolestid phylogeny. Annals of Carnegie Museum 69(3):195-208 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/K. Beard]
82793 R. D. Benson. 1999. Presbyornis isoni and oher late Paleocene birds from North Dakota. In S. L. Storrs, P. Wellnhofer, C. Mourer-Chauviré, D. W. Steadman, L. D. Martin (eds.), Avian Paleontology at the Close of the 20th Century: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Washington, D.C, 4-7 June 1996. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 89:253-259 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
82414 C. D. Brownstein. 2022. High morphological disparity in a bizarre Paleocene fauna of predatory freshwater reptiles. BMC Ecology and Evolution 22:34:1-23 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
7604 B. R. Erickson. 1987. Simoedosaurus dakotensis, new species, a diapsid reptile (Archosauromorpha; Choristodera) from the Paleocene of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7(3):237-251 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
7175 R. C. Fox. 2002. The dentition and relationships of Carpodaptes cygneus (Russell) (Carpolestidae, Plesiadapiformes, Mammalia), from the late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleontology 76(5):864-881 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
44340 J. D. Gardner. 2012. Revision of Piceoerpeton MESZOELY (Caudata: Scapherpetontidae) and description of a new species from the late Maastrichtian and ? early Paleocene of western North America. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(6):611-620 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
1652 P. D. Gingerich. 1983. New Adapisoricidae, Pentacodontidae, and Hyopsodontidae (Mammalia, Insectivora and Condylarthra) from the late Paleocene ofWyoming and Colorado. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 26(11):227-255 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Mannion]
28586 B. G. Naylor and D. W. Krause. 1981. Piceoerpeton, a giant early Tertiary salamander from western North America. Journal of Paleontology 55(3):507-523 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
3196 R. E. Sloan. 1987. Paleocene and latest Cretaceous mammal ages, biozones, magnetozones, rates of sedimentation, and evolution. Geological Society of America Special Paper 209:165-200 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]