Lake Groß-Zimmern core B/97-BK 8, depth 19.28 m: Middle Eocene, Germany
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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Porocolpopollenites rarobsculatus microspore
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1 individual | ||||||
informal Trilete spores indet. microspore
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1 individual | ||||||
informal Punctatosporites/Verrucatosporites indet. microspore
|
1 individual | ||||||
Pentapollis pentangulus microspore
|
1 individual | ||||||
Trivestbulopollenites betuloides microspore
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2 individuals | ||||||
Punctilongisulcites microechinatus microspore
|
2 individuals | ||||||
informal Leiotriletes/Toroisporis group indet. microspore
|
2 individuals | ||||||
Interpollis microsupplingensis microspore
|
3 individuals | ||||||
Varia indet.
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38 individuals | ||||||
Angiospermae
- Fagales
- Betulaceae
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Polyporopollenites spp. microspore
Thomson and Pflug 1953
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4 individuals | ||||||
Angiospermae
- Fagales
- Juglandaceae
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Platycaryapollenites sp. microspore
Nagy 1969
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1 individual | ||||||
Momipites informal punctatus/quietus microspore
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3 individuals | ||||||
Angiospermae
- Rosales
- Ulmaceae
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Celtipollenites intrastructurus microspore
|
3 individuals | ||||||
Angiospermae
- Malpighiales
- Euphorbiaceae
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Tricolporopollenites crassostriatus microspore
|
1 individual | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites marcodurensis microspore
|
1 individual | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites vegetus microspore
|
2 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites mansfeldensis microspore
|
3 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites vancampoae microspore
|
3 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites edmundii microspore
|
3 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites satzveyensis microspore
|
5 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites megaexactus microspore
|
6 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites crassiexinus microspore
|
6 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites pseudocingulum microspore
|
7 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites microreticulatus microspore
|
10 individuals | ||||||
Tricolporopollenites cingulum microspore
|
25 individuals | ||||||
Angiospermae
- Proteales
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Triatriopollenites informal rurensis/bituitus microspore
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11 individuals | ||||||
Angiospermae
- Proteales
- Proteaceae
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Triporopollenites informal rhenanus/robustus microspore
|
3 individuals | ||||||
Angiospermae
- Aquifoliales
- Aquifoliaceae
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Ilexpollenites margaritatus microspore
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1 individual | ||||||
Pinopsida
- Pinales
- Pinaceae
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Pityosporites labdacus microspore
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1 individual | ||||||
Polypodiopsida
- Polypodiaceae
|
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Laevigatosporites hardtii microspore
|
9 individuals | ||||||
Pteridopsida
|
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Polypodiaceoisporites spp. microspore
Potonie 1956
|
1 individual | ||||||
unclassified
|
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Nyssapollenites kruschi microspore
|
3 individuals | ||||||
Equisetopsida
- Cupressales
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Inaperturopollenites spp. microspore
Potonié 1966
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29 individuals | ||||||
Algae
- Zygnemataceae
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Ovoidites spp.
Krutzsch 1959
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5 individuals | ||||||
Algae
- Botryococcaceae
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Botryococcus spp.
Kutzing 1849
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7 individuals | ||||||
unclassified
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Tetracolporopollenites spp. microspore
Pflug and Thomson 1953
|
2 individuals | ||||||
Plicatopollis spp. microspore
Krutzsch 1962
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59 individuals | ||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Germany | State/province: | Hesse |
Coordinates: | 49.9° North, 8.8° East (view map) | ||
Paleocoordinates: | 47.3° North, 4.6° East | ||
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text | ||
Geographic resolution: | hand sample |
Time
Period: | Paleogene | Epoch: | Eocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 2-3 | ||
Key time interval: | Middle Eocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 47.8 - 37.71 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Local section: | B/97-BK 8 | Local bed: | 19.28 m | ||
Local order: | top to bottom | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: Palynozone PZ3, with juglandaceous pollen of Plicatopollis spp. as dominant elements.
The pollen and spore taxa are also known from the nearby lacustrine record of Messel (see Thiele-Pfeiffer 1988), which is of latest early Eocene to early middle Eocene age (Lenz et al. 2015). It can be assumed that the lacustrine sequence at Groß-Zimmern is of a similar age. Accordingly, the palynomorph assemblage fits best to zones Hu4 to Ho2 of Pflug (1986) and 14 to 15 of Krutzsch (1966), which correspond to a middle Eocene (Lutetian/Bartonian) age. Punctilongisulcites microechinatus occuring in this sample is restricted to the middle Eocene. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | "shale" |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: Bituminous shale with indistinc lamination and intraclasts and external clasts. | |
Environment: | crater lake |
Geology comments: Maar lake with a diameter of 250-400 m, with shallow to moderately deep water. In PZ 3, the thermophilic climax forest gradually approached the vicinity of the lake. Pollen of Myricaceae clearly decrease in frequency and pollen of Fagaceae and Juglandaceae now dominate the pollen assemblage. The higher thermal alteration of palynomorphs in the upper part of PZ 3 may be an effect of wildfires and support the assumption of an even drier period for the upper part of PZ 3. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body,original sporopollenin |
Size of fossils: | microfossils |
Temporal resolution: | time-averaged |
Spatial resolution: | allochthonous |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | core,chemical,mechanical,hydrochloric,hydroflouric |
Collection size: | 265 individuals |
Reason for describing collection: | paleoecologic analysis |
Collection method comments: Samples were crushed into small fragments and homogenised. A standard sample size of 4 g was used to minimise variations of reaction parameters such as sample surface area (Ellin and McLean 1994). Together with the sample material, 10 ml of 45% hydrofluoric acid (HF) were filled into a digestion vessel. Six vessels were used at the same time for digestion in the microwave system. The sealed vessels were treated by a standardised process with 15 minutes of heating at 110 °C using 1000-watt power and 45 minutes of cooling. Afterwards, the residue was mixed with 0.5 g of boric acid (H3BO3) to neutralise excess HF thereby improving safety for sample handling (Wilson et al. 2006). The residue in the vessels was then heated again for 5 minutes to 160° C by applying a power of 1000 watt. Following another cooling period of 45 minutes, the residues could be transferred into larger containers, which were filled with demineralised water and regularly decanted until neutralisation. After sieving through a 10 μm mesh screen, the residues were briefly oxidised by applying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Subsequently, the residues were sieved again, mixed with 5% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, and heated to 80 °C for 10 minutes in the MARS VI system. At the end of sample processing, the remaining residue was provided with a small amount of 35% hydrochloric acid (HCl) to solve remaining fluorides. After final sieving, the residues were transferred into crimp-top vials
and 2 drops of 35% HCl were added to provide a slightly acidic environment that prevents fungal infestation. Slides and residues are housed at the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. | |
Taxonomic list comments:Palynomorphs, that could not be identified, were counted as 'Varia', which is similar to the other more or less coeval maar lake fillings of Messel (Lenz and Wilde 2018). |
Metadata
Database number: | 235242 | ||
Authorizer: | P. Jardine | Enterer: | H. Morck |
Modifier: | H. Morck | Research group: | paleobotany |
Created: | 2024-06-14 06:46:19 | Last modified: | 2024-06-14 06:58:18 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2024-06-14 06:46:19 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
88637. | J. Mutzl, O. K. Lenz, V. Wilde, K. J. Krahn, M. Moshayedi and M. Hinderer. 2023. Vegetation dynamics in a disturbed lacustrine record: The Eocene maar lake of Groß-Zimmern (Hesse, Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 103:249-276 [P. Jardine/H. Morck] |