PBDB Collection

Kaseki-kabe (facies III), Shiramine: Barremian, Japan
collected 1985, 1997-2009

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Sphenopteridae

	Sphenopteris sp. Sternberg 1825	Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified

	Carpolithes sp. Schlotheim 1820	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Cycadopsida - Cycadales

	Taeniopteris emarginata	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Taeniopteris sp. Brongniart 1828	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Nilssonia kotoi	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Nilssonia nipponensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Nilssonia orientalis	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Nilssonia sp. (Brongniart 1825)	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Ginkgoopsida - Ginkgoales

	Eretmophyllum tetoriense	Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified

	Ginkgoites digitata	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Ginkgoites huttoni	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Ginkgoites sp. Seward 1919	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Angiospermae - Magnoliales - Magnoliaceae

	? Magnoliaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Angiospermae - Arecaceae

	? Arecaceae indet. von Berchtold and Presl 1820	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Bennettitales

	Dictyozamites kawasakii	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Dictyozamites tedoriensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Coniferales - Podocarpaceae

	Podozamites anguistifolius	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Podozamites lanceolatus (Lindley and Hutton 1840)	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Podocarpus reinii	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Podocarpus yokoyamai	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Podocarpus tedoriensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Podocarpus sp. L'Heritier and Persoon 1807	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Coniferales - Cupressaceae

	? Sequoia sp. Endlicher 1847	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Pinopsida - Pinales - Pinaceae

	? Pinaceae indet. Rudolphi 1830	Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified

	Neozamites sp. Vakhrameev 1962	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Equisetales - Equisetaceae

	Equisetites ushimarensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Osmundaceae

	Osmundopsis distans	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiaceae

	Onychiopsis elongata Geyler 1889	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida

	Cladophlebis denticulate	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Gleicheniaceae

	Gleichenites ishikawaensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Gleichenites nipponensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Gleichenites sp. Göppert 1836	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Cyatheales - Cyatheaceae

	Coniopteris sp. Brongniart 1849	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Coniopteris burejensis (Zalessky 1904)	Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified

	Eboracia nipponensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Eboracia sp. Thomas 1911	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Hepaticae

	Thallites yabei	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Sphaeriidae

	Sphaerium sp. Scopoli 1777	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Bivalvia - Unionida - Unionidae

	Unio ogamigoensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Gastropoda - Pleuroceridae

	Pleuroceridae indet. Thiele 1929	Isaji et al. 2005
Gastropoda - Viviparidae

	Viviparus onogoensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Gastropoda - Heterostropha

	Pupilloidea sp. (Turton 1831)	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Physidae

	Physidae informal indet. A	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Physidae informal indet. B	Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified

	Brisia onychioides	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Ginkgoidium nathorsti	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	? Micromelania katoensis	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Actinopteri

	Teleostei indet. Müller 1846	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae

	Osteoglossidae indet. Bonaparte 1832	Isaji et al. 2005	1 element
Actinopteri - Pachycormiformes - Pachycormidae

	Pachycormidae indet. Woodward 1895	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 element
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes

	Lepidotes sp. Agassiz 1832	Matsuoka et al. 2002	2 elements
Sinamiidae

	Sinamia sp.	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Reptilia - Testudines

	Trionychoidea indet. Fitzinger 1826	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Testudinoidea indet. Gray 1825	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)	Isaji et al. 2006	17 specimens
	eggshells
Reptilia - Squamata

	Squamata informal indet. E	Matsuoka et al. 2002

	Squamata informal indet. A	Matsuoka et al. 2002
	Within the Shiramine lizard collection there are several maxillae and dentaries with bicuspid teeth, notably SBEI 1501 (Li191) and 1525 (Li193), a right and left maxilla respectively (Figure 15.1–4); SBEI 197 (Li8) and 808 (Li92) (Figure 15.5–10), both left dentaries; and SBEI 1487 (Li190), a right dentary.

	Squamata informal indet. B	Matsuoka et al. 2002
	SBEI 827 (Li100) is a small right mandible separated into its dentary and postdentary components (Figure 16). The dentary is 4.5 mm long as preserved but is missing the symphysial region and posterior margin (estimated original total length ~5.7 mm). The postdentary complex is 4.8 mm long, giving an overall original jaw length of ~10.5 mm.

	Squamata informal indet. C	Evans and Matusmoto 2015	1 individual
	Many of the other isolated lizard maxillae and dentaries in the Shiramine collection can be attributed to Sakurasaurus, which is the most common lizard taxon at this locality. However, SBEI 1277 (Li177) is the posterior end of a deep (2.25 mm) left dentary preserved in labial view and bearing seven teeth with spaces for 4–5 others
Reptilia

	Kuroyuriella mikikoi n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Matusmoto 2015	Evans and Matusmoto 2015	2 specimens
	SBEI 1510 (Li193), a disarticulated skull on four originally conjoined blocks; SBEI 1608 (Li223), an association on two small blocks

	Sakurasaurus sp. Evans and Manabe 1999	Evans and Manabe 2009	1 individual
	SBEI 199 (small block with disarticulated association of skull bones, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and hindlimb bones)

	Asagaolacerta tricuspidens n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Matusmoto 2015	Evans and Matusmoto 2015	2 specimens
	SBEI 1566 An association of skull, jaws and postcranial bones of a small lizard with facetted tricuspid teeth; Possibly SBEI 1621, a right maxilla

	Scincomorpha informal indet. A	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen

	Scincomorpha informal indet. B	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen

	Squamata informal indet. F	Matsuoka et al. 2002
	= Kuwajimalla kagaensis n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Manabe 2008	Evans and Manabe 2008

	Hakuseps imberis n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Matusmoto 2015	Evans and Matusmoto 2015	1 individual
	SBEI 2086. An almost complete left dentary
Reptilia - Paramacellodidae

	Paramacellodidae indet. Estes 1983	Matsuoka et al. 2002
Reptilia

	? Anguimorpha indet. Fürbringer 1900	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen
	= Kaganaias hakusanensis n. gen., n. sp. Evans et al. 2006	Evans et al. 2006
	SBEI 1568, part and counterpart of articulated partial skeleton comprising parts of the dors. vert. series and parts of the tail, pelvis, and hind limbs
Reptilia - Pterosauria - Ornithocheiridae

	Ornithocheiridae indet. Seeley 1870	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen
	SBEI 802
Reptilia - Pterosauria

	? Dsungaripteroidea indet. Young 1964	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen
	SBEI 303
Reptilia - Ornithischia

	Ornithischia indet. Seeley 1888	Isaji et al. 2005
Reptilia - Iguanodontidae

	Iguanodontidae indet. Bonaparte 1850	Hasegawa et al. 1995	6 specimens
	SBEI 164, 165, 172-175
Reptilia

	Hypsilophodontidae indet. Dollo 1882	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 individual
	SBEI 176, incomplete skull
	= Albalophosaurus yamaguchiorum n. gen., n. sp. Ohashi and Barrett 2009	Ohashi and Barrett 2009

	Maniraptora indet. Gauthier 1986	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen
	SBEI 167; Theropoda indet. C = Oviraptorosauria + Therizinosauroidea clade

	Enantiornithes indet. Walker 1981	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen
	SBEI 307
Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae

	Theropoda informal indet. A	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen
	SBEI 008
	= Dromaeosauridae indet. Colbert and Russell 1969	Isaji et al. 2005
Reptilia - Tyrannosauridae

	Theropoda informal indet. B	Matsuoka et al. 2002	5 specimens
	SBEI 170, 171, 156, 814, 576
	= Tyrannosauridae indet. Osborn 1906	Isaji et al. 2005
Reptilia

	Sauropoda indet. Marsh 1878	Matsuoka et al. 2002	2 specimens
	SBEI 183, 160
Reptilia - Choristodera

	Choristodera indet. Cope 1876	Matsuoka et al. 2002	1 specimen
Tritylodontidae

	Tritylodontidae indet. Cope 1884	Matsuoka et al. 2002	150 specimens
	SBEI 029, 034-035, 039-040, 043-044, 047, 049, 051-056, 058, 062, 065-066, 073, 092-094, 110, 112, 122, 125, 127, 141, 146, 577-578
	= Montirictus kuwajimaensis n. gen., n. sp. Matsuoka et al. 2016	Matsuoka et al. 2016
Mammalia - Multituberculata

	Multituberculata indet. Cope 1884	Matsuoka et al. 2002	2 specimens
	SBEI 581
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Eobaataridae

	Tedoribaatar reini n. gen., n. sp. Kusuhashi 2008	Kusuhashi 2008	1 specimen
	SBEI 1570, fragment of right lower jaw with p4 (holotype)

	Hakusanobaatar matsuoi n. gen., n. sp. Kusuhashi 2008	Kusuhashi 2008	7 specimens
	SBEI 1736, holotype dental association; SBEI 581, fragmentary left lower jaw with damaged p4; SBEI 582, damaged right upper premolar (probably P2); SBEI 1519, ?left p3; SBEI 1520, damaged left p4; SBEI 1526, fragment of right lower dentary with incisor; and SBEI 1949, tentatively assigned poorly preserved upper premolar (two ?labial cusps of probably right P5)
Mammalia - Eutriconodonta

	Triconodonta indet. Osborn 1888	Matsuoka et al. 2002	3 specimens
	SBEI --6, 020, 015
	= Hakusanodon archaeus n. gen., n. sp. Rougier et al. 2007	Rougier et al. 2007
	holotype (SBEI 006, partial right mandible) - other specimens not commented on
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae

	Shirerpeton isajii n. gen., n. sp. Matsumoto and Evans 2018	Matsumoto and Evans 2018	2 individuals
	SBEI 2459, 2405
see common names

Geography

Country:	Japan	State/province:	Ishikawa
Coordinates:	36.2° North, 136.6° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	45.6° North, 144.0° East (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:	based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:	outcrop

Time

Period:	Cretaceous	Epoch:	Early Cretaceous
Stage:	Barremian	10 m.y. bin:	Cretaceous 2
*Period:	Early/Lower Cretaceous - Early/Lower Cretaceous	*Epoch:	Neocomian - Neocomian
*International age/stage:	Berriasian - Hauterivian
Key time interval:	Barremian
Age range of interval:	125.77 - 121.4 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields

Stratigraphy

Geological group:	Tetori	Formation:	Kuwajima
Stratigraphic resolution:	group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: "upper horizon" of Kuwajima Formation, uppermost part of Itoshiro Subgroup, Tetori Group. Described as "lower Neocomian", and older that "late Barremian", but authors' use of "Neocomian" seems to include some of the Gallic as well.

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	very fine,gray,green,blue silty,sandy mudstone
Secondary lithology:	sandstone
Includes fossils?	Y
Lithology description: "alternations of massive sandstones, fine-grained sandstones and mudstones"; facies III = "massive with occasional thin bedding. They consist of well-sorted silty mud and occasional angular very fine-grained quartz sands. The mud is normally dark greenish-grey in colour, and frequently has a blue-ish tint."
Environment:	mire/swamp
Geology comments: "deposited in the channels of braided rivers and flood plains", specifically in a "vegetated swamp"

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body,adpression
Size of fossils:	macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:	excellent
Articulated whole bodies:	none
Associated major elements:	some
Disassociated major elements:	many
Disassociated minor elements:	many
Fragmentation:	occasional

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	selective quarrying,surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:	general faunal/floral analysis
Collection dates:	1985, 1997-2009
Taxonomic list comments:"Theropoda sp. C" is described as a member of the (unnamed) clade Oviraptorosauria + Therizinosauroidea. Another theropod is described as "Tetanurae", but the authors do not indicate whether this is sp. A or B. Note that the authors use "sp." for most of the unidentified species, but I have replaced most with "indet." because the groups are higher taxa, not genera (i.e. "Anura indet." instead of "Anura sp.").

Metadata

Also known as:	Kasekiheki
Database number:	32324
Authorizer:	M. Carrano, R. Benson, R. Butler, P. Mannion	Enterer:	M. Carrano, J. Tennant, R. Benson, R. Butler
Modifier:	M. Carrano	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	2003-06-25 08:33:43	Last modified:	2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:	the public	Released:	2003-06-25 08:33:43
Creative Commons license:	CC0

Reference information

Primary reference:

54260.

M. Matsukawa and I. Obata. 1994. Dinosaurs and sedimentary environments in the Japanese Cretaceous: a contribution to dinosaur facies in Asia based on molluscan palaeontology and stratigraphy. Cretaceous Research 15(1):101-125 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

54277		Y. Azuma and Y. Tomida. 1997. Japanese dinosaurs. In P. J. Currie, K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs 375-379 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/P. Wagner]
23356	ETE	S. E. Evans, M. Manabe, M. Noro, S. Isaji, and M. Yamaguchi. 2006. A long-bodied lizard from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan. Palaeontology 49(6):1143-1165 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
26888	ETE	S. E. Evans and M. Manabe. 2008. An early herbivorous lizard from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan. Palaeontology 51(2):487-498 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
37820		S. E. Evans and M. Manabe. 2009. The Early Cretaceous lizards of Eastern Asia: new material of Sakurasaurus from Japan. Special Papers in Palaeontology 81:43-59 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
56090		S. E. Evans and R. Matusmoto. 2015. An assemblage of lizards from the Early Cretaceous of Japan. Palaeontologia Electronica 18(2):1-36 [P. Mannion/J. Tennant]
10132		M. J. Fujita. 2003. Geological age and correlation of the vertebrate-bearing horizons in the Tetori Group. Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 2:3-14 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
55479		Fukui Kenritsu Kyoryu Hakubutsukan. 2010. [Exhibit Guidebook of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum]. 1-212 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13515	ETE	Y. Hasegawa, M. Manabe, S. Isaji, M. Ohkura, I. Shibata and I. Yamaguchi. 1995. Terminally resorbed iguanodontid teeth from the Neocomian Tetori Group, Ishikawa and Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series C 21(1, 2):35-49 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
29480	ETE	S. Isaji, A. Matsushita, and R. Hirayama. 2006. Chelonian eggshells from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation of the Tetori Group, central Japan. Paleontological Research 10(1):29-36 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13526	ETE	S. Isaji, H. Okazaki, R. Hirayama, H. Matsuoka, P. M. Barrett, T. Tsubamoto, M. Yamaguchi, I. Yamaguchi, and T. Sakumoto. 2005. Depositional environments and taphonomy of the bone-bearing beds of the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation, Tetori Group, Japan. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A 3:123-133 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
39712		N. Kusuhashi. 2008. Early Cretaceous multituberculate mammals from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), central Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53(3):379-390 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
17538	ETE	M. T. Matsukawa, K. Saiki, M. Ito, I. Obata, D. J. Nichols, M. G. Lockley, R. Kukihara and K. Shibata. 2006. Early Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia based on food-web and energy-flow models. Cretaceous Research 27:285-307 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
64925		R. Matsumoto and S. E. Evans. 2018. The first record of albanerpetontid amphibians (Amphibia: Albanerpetontidae) from East Asia. PLoS ONE 13(1):e0189767:1-58 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
8713		H. Matsuoka, N. Kusuhashi, T. Takada and T. Setogushi. 2002. A clue to the Neocomian vertebrate fauna: initial results from the Kuwajima "Kaseki-kabe" (Tetori Group) in Shiramine, Ishikawa, central Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series of Geology and Mineralogy 59(1):33-45 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
60061		H. Matsuoka, N. Kusuhashi, and I. J. Corfe. 2016. A new Early Cretaceous tritylodontid (Synapsida, Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group) of central Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(4):e1112289:1-16 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
58655		T. Ohashi. 2004. Pleurokinesis in a new ornithopod (Dinosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3, suppl.):99A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
31493		T. Ohashi and P. M. Barrett. 2009. A new ornithischian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation of Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3):748-757 [R. Butler/R. Butler/M. Carrano]
25259		G. W. Rougier, S. Isaji, and M. Manabe. 2007. Early Cretaceous mammals from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Japan, and a reassessment of triconodont phylogeny. Annals of Carnegie Museum 76(2):73-115 [T. Tsubamoto/T. Tsubamoto/J. Tennant]
69508		S.-i. Sano and A. Yabe. 2017. Fauna and flora of Early Cretaceous Tetori Group in central Japan: the clues to revealing the evolution of Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem in Asia. Palaeoworld 26:253-267 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]