Fonelas P-1: Gelasian, Spain

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Colubridae
Rhinechis scalaris (Schinz 1822)
Arribas et al. 2009
Reptilia - Viperidae
Viperidae indet. Oppel 1811
Arribas et al. 2009
Reptilia - Anguidae
Anguidae indet. Gray 1825
Arribas et al. 2009
Reptilia - Lacertidae
Lacertidae indet. Bonaparte 1831
Arribas et al. 2009
Reptilia - Aves
Aves indet. (Linnaeus 1758)
Arribas et al. 2009
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Eurotestudo sp. Lapparent de Broin et al. 2006
Arribas et al. 2009
Pérez-García et al. 2017
a partial femur and a phalanx, with clear evidence of hyaenid activity
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Meles iberica n. sp. Arribas and Garrido 2007
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Lynx pardinus (Temminck 1827)
"Lynx pardinus spelaeus"
Acinonyx pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
Homotherium latidens (Owen 1846)
Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier 1824)
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Gervais 1850)
Hyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Canis sp. Linnaeus 1758
said to be new
Canis etruscus Forsyth Major 1877
Canis accitanus n. sp. Garrido and Arribas 2008
Garrido and Arribas 2008
FP1-2001-0434 (holotype)
unclassified
Metacervoceros rhenanus
Arribas et al. 2009
petrolensis
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Canis falconeri Forsyth-Major 1877
Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877
Mammalia - Suidae
Potamochoerus sp. Gray 1854
said to be new
Mammalia - Giraffidae
Mitilanotherium sp. Samson and Radulesco 1966
said to be new
Mammalia - Cervidae
Croizetoceros ramosus (Croizet and Jobert 1828)
Eucladoceros sp. Falconer 1868
Mammalia - Bovidae
Leptobos etruscus
Capra sp. Linnaeus 1758
said to be new
Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816
Arribas et al. 2009
Gazellospira torticornis
Praeovibos sp. Staudinger 1908
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Stephanorhinus etruscus (Falconer 1868)
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus cf. major DeKay 1842
Mammalia - Erinaceidae
Erinaceidae indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1817
Arribas et al. 2009
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Oryctolagus sp. Lilljeborg 1874
Arribas et al. 2009
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae
Prolagus cf. calpensis
Arribas et al. 2009
Mammalia - Rodentia - Muridae
Stephanomys sp. Schaub 1938
Arribas et al. 2009
Apodemus cf. atavus
Arribas et al. 2009
Castillomys sp. Michaux 1969
Arribas et al. 2009
gr. C. crusafonti-C. rivas
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Mimomys sp. Forsyth-Major 1902
Arribas et al. 2009
Mammalia - Rodentia - Gliridae
Eliomys sp. Wagner 1840
Arribas et al. 2009
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Mammuthus meridionalis (Nesti 1825)
see common names

Geography
Country:Spain State/province:Granada
Coordinates: 37.4° North, 3.2° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:37.5° North, 3.3° West
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period: Quaternary Epoch: Pleistocene
Stage: Gelasian 10 m.y. bin: Cenozoic 6
Key time interval: Gelasian
Age range of interval: 2.58 - 1.8 m.y. ago
Age estimate: 2 Ma (paleomagnetic)
Stratigraphy
Formation:Guadix
Stratigraphy comments: The magnetostratigraphic studies performed in the Guadix Basin, with this site as the main point of interest, have verified that Fonelas P-1 is located in a reversed polarity horizon (subchronozone C2r.1r), between the normal subchrons Reunion and Olduvai, 4 m directly below the base of this last subchron. Therefore, its age is 2.0 million years (Arribas et al., 2009; Pla et al., 2011).
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: not reported
Lithology description: none given
Environment:fluvial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,bone collector
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Fragmentation:frequent
Feeding/predation traces:fractures,tooth marks
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (in situ),field collection,survey of museum collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: material is in the Museo Geominero (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España)"
Taxonomic list comments:small mammals and other vertebrates are not mentioned
Metadata
Database number:77773
Authorizer:J. Alroy, E. Vlachos Enterer:J. Alroy, E. Vlachos
Modifier:E. Vlachos Research group:vertebrate
Created:2008-01-19 10:16:05 Last modified:2021-10-12 14:03:27
Access level:the public Released:2008-01-19 10:16:05
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
26265. A. Arribas and G. Garrido. 2007. Meles iberica n. sp., a new Eurasian badger (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Fonelas P-1 (Plio-Pleistocene boundary, Guadix Basin, Granada, Spain). Comptes Rendus Palevol 6(8):545-555 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

61941 A. Arribas, G. Garrido, C. Viseras, J. M. Soria, S. Pla, J. G. Solano, M. Garces, E. Beamud, and J. S. Carrion. 2009. A Mammalian Lost World in Southwest Europe during the Late Pliocene. PLoS one 4(9):1-10 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]
85600 G. Garrido and A. Arribas. 2008. Canis accitanus nov. sp., a new small dog (Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Fonelas P-1 Plio-Pleistocene site (Guadix basin, Granada, Spain). Geobios 41(6):751-761 [B. Allen/B. Allen]
61934 A. Pérez-García, E. Vlachos, and A. Arribas. 2017. The last giant continental tortoise of Europe: A survivor in the Spanish Pleistocene site of Fonelas P-1. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 470:30-39 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]