Culand Pits, Burham: Cenomanian - Turonian, United Kingdom
collected by Smith, Egerton

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia
Benton and Spencer 1995 3 specimens
BMNH 41642, R1345, R1934
    = Testudinata indet. Oppel 1811
Mannion 2017
Reptilia - Testudines
Benton and Spencer 1995 1 specimen
BMNH R3735
Emys benstedi n. sp. Mantell 1841
Benton and Spencer 1995 1 specimen
BMNH 28706
Reptilia - Testudines - Cheloniidae
Benton and Spencer 1995 6 specimens
CAMSM B20600-5
Reptilia - Testudines - Protostegidae
Benton and Spencer 1995 1 specimen
BMNH R3736
Reptilia - Pterosauria
Pterodactylus cuvieri n. sp. Bowerbank 1851
Owen 1851 1 specimen
BMNH 39409
    = Cimoliopterus cuvieri Bowerbank 1851
Rodrigues and Kellner 2013
NHMUK PV 39409, anterior portion of the rostrum
Reptilia - Pterosauria - Lonchodraconidae
5 specimens
BMNH 39412 (holotype), partial skull. BMNH 39413-39415, 39417
Reptilia - Pterosauria - Ornithocheiridae
Benton and Spencer 1995 8 specimens
BMNH 41637, 49005-6, R1357-8, R1935-6, R2644
    = ? Ornithocheiridae indet. Seeley 1870
Barrett et al. 2008
Reptilia - Pterosauria
Owen 1851 6 specimens
BMNH 39410 (holotype). BMNH 39411, 39416, 49003, 49004, MAIDM unnumbered
Reptilia - Plesiosauria - Elasmosauridae
Benton and Spencer 1995 1 specimen
BMNH 49007
Reptilia - Plesiosauria
Benton and Spencer 1995 6 specimens
BMNH 41641, 41644, 46959, 49007, R1217, R1938
Reptilia - Mosasauridae
Benton and Spencer 1995 1 specimen
MAIDM unnumbered
Reptilia
Owen 1850 2 specimens
BMNH R49002 - holotype (a small chalk block preserving the articulated cranial and postcranial remains of one individual. The skull is represented by a partial braincase, and fragmentary right and left mandibles. The postcranium is composed of 17 articulated cervical vertebrae and 19 anterior dorsal vertebrae); and BMNH R 32268 - referred specimen (rear limb and girdle, 19 posterior dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae and 4 caudal vertebrae)
see common names

Geography
Country:United Kingdom State/province:England County:Kent
Coordinates: 51.3° North, 0.5° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:46.5° North, 16.0° East (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period: Cretaceous Epoch: Late Cretaceous
Stage: Cenomanian - Turonian 10 m.y. bin: Cretaceous 5 - Cretaceous 6
Key time interval: Cenomanian - Turonian
Age range of interval: 100.5 - 89.8 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Chalk
Stratigraphic resolution:group
Stratigraphy comments: Lower Culand Pit is in the Lower Chalk (Cenomanian) and the Upper Culand Pit is in the Middle and Upper Chalk (Turonian). Most of the fossil remains lack horizon information.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: chalk
Secondary lithology: marl
Includes fossils?Y
Environment:basinal (carbonate)
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:some
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:some
Disassociated minor elements:some
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:salvage
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:BMNH
Collectors:Smith, Egerton
Taxonomic list comments:Some of the pterosaur specimens were initially listed as coming from "Halling", but they are apparently derived from Culand.
Metadata
Database number:92426
Authorizer:R. Butler, P. Mannion Enterer:R. Butler, J. Tennant, P. Mannion
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2009-11-12 05:25:34 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2009-11-12 05:25:34
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
31159. J. S. Bowerbank. 1846. On a new species of pterodactyl found in the Upper Chalk of Kent (P. giganteus). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 2:7-8 [R. Butler/R. Butler]

Secondary references:

31161 P. M. Barrett, R. J. Butler, N. P. Edwards and A. R. Milner. 2008. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. Zitteliana B 28:61-107 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
15587ETE M. J. Benton and P. S. Spencer. 1995. Fossil Reptiles of Great Britain. Chapman & Hall, London 1-386 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/J. Tennant]
64174 W. Buckland. 1858. The Bridgewater Treatises on the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as Manifested in the Creation. Treatise IV. Geology and Mineralogy Considered with Reference to Natural Theology. 3rd Edition 1:lxxxiii-542 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
38114 M. W. Caldwell. 2000. On the aquatic squamate Dolichosaurus longicollis (Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous), and the evolution of elongate necks in squamates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(4):720-735 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
62763 F. Dixon. 1850. The Geology and Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex xvi-422 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Carrano]
63504 P. D. Mannion. 2017. Personal opinions. [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
63762 G. A. Mantell. 1854. The Medals of Creation; or, First Lessions in Geology, and the Study of Organic Remains 2:447-930 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
64387 R. Owen. 1850. Descriptions of the fossils of the Chalk Formation. Description of the fossil reptiles of the Chalk Formation. The Geology and Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex 378-404 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
14140ETE R. Owen. 1851. Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations. Part I. Chelonia (Lacertilia, etc.). The Palaeontographical Society, London 1851:1-118 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/R. Benson]
47175 T. Rodrigues and A. W. A. Kellner. 2013. Taxonomic review of the Ornithocheirus complex (Pterosauria) from the Cretaceous of England. ZooKeys 308:1-112 [P. Mannion/J. Tennant]
65100 W. E. Swinton. 1934. A Guide to the Fossil Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians in the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7. xii-87 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Uhen]
31160 D. M. Unwin. 2001. An overview of the pterosaur assemblage from the Cambridge Greensand (Cretaceous) of Eastern England. Mitteilungen as dem Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 4:189-222 [R. Butler/R. Butler]