Cerro Observatorio: Santacrucian, Argentina

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Colubridae
Fernicola and Albino 2012 5 specimens
MACN-PV SC3315-9, incomplete trunk vertebrae
Mammalia
McDonald et al. 2008 1 specimen
MACN-A 7781, distal humerus, labeled as "Plagiocoelus? latus". According to McDonald et al. (2008), "It appears that this species was never formally described. The specimen cannot be assigned to Plagiocoelus and is probably not a vermilinguan."
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Toxodontidae
Adinotherium sp. Ameghino 1887
Cassini et al. 2012
AMNH 9532, cranium
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Interatheriidae
Fernández et al. 2023
Fernández et al. 2023
Fernández et al. 2023
Mammalia - Notoungulata
Pachyrukhos sp. Ameghino 1885
Vizcaíno et al. 2021
Mammalia - Rodentia - Chinchillidae
Prolagostomus sp. Ameghino 1887
Vizcaíno et al. 2021
Mammalia - Rodentia
Acarechimys sp. Patterson 1965
Arnal et al. 2017
MACN-A 4062, MACN-A 4067
Acarechimys constans (Ameghino 1887)
Arnal et al. 2017
MACN-A 4058, MACN-A 4061, MACN-A 4064, MACN-A 4074MACN-A 4075
Arnal et al. 2017
MACN-A 4072b, MACN-A 4265, MACN-A 4266
Arnal et al. 2017
MACN-A 4145,6 (syntype Sciamys tenuissimus)
Arnal et al. 2017
MACN-A 4265
Arnal et al. 2017
MACN-A 4060, MACN-A 4068
Acarechimys minutus Patterson and Pascual 1967
Arnal et al. 2017
MACN-A 4072a, MACN-A 4073
Mammalia - Rodentia - Acaremyidae
Acaremys murinus Ameghino 1887
Arnal and Vucetich 2015 2 specimens
MACN PV SC1694, SC1831
Arnal and Vucetich 2015 1 specimen
MACN A 4113, holotype
Mammalia - Primates - Homunculidae
Kay et al. 2012 25 specimens
MACN-A 5969, left mandible with ascending ramus and partial condyle with m2 and alveolus for m3; MACN-A 10403, dentary m1-2; MACN SC 1149, m2? (Stake 147); 274, M3; 275, C; 332, incisor (Stake 22); 334, M2 (Stake 13); 335, C (Stake 2); 336, dentary m1-2 (Stake 28); 337, M2 (Stake 19); 338, m1 (Stake 69); 339, dentary m1-2 (Stake 69); 341, m1 (Stake 29); 402, c (Stake 110); 2916, P3 (Stake 206); 2918, m2 (Stake 206); 3026, p4 (Stake 7); 3089, I1; 3090, m2?; 3112, M2 (Stake 19); 3114, i1 (Stake 19); 3200, m2; 3116, p2 (Stake 25); 342, M2 (Stake 54)
Kay et al. 2012 1 specimen
MACN-A 5966, left mandibular fragment with m2, type
Kay et al. 2012 1 specimen
MACN-A 8648, right dp4
Mammalia - Panameriungulata - Proterotheriidae
Cassini et al. 2012
MACN-A 2958, mandible
Cassini et al. 2012
MACN-A 9137, cranium
Anisolophus australis (Burmeister 1879)
Cassini et al. 2012
MACN-A 2832, tibia
Mammalia - Panameriungulata - Macraucheniidae
Theosodon lydekkeri Ameghino 1887
Cassini et al. 2012
MACN-A 2545–57, tibia; 9252–53, tibia
Mammalia - Megalonychidae
Hapalops sp. Ameghino 1887
Bargo et al. 2012
YPM-VPPU 15836, postcrania
Mammalia
Anathitus revelator n. gen., n. sp. Ameghino 1894
McDonald et al. 2008 2 specimens
"Type = MACN A-7782 distal right humerus (pathological), A-7783 lumbar (missing)"
Mammalia - Cingulata - Propalaehoplophoridae
Vizcaíno et al. 2012
MACN-A 4758, skull; 4760, mandible; 4761, mandible
Mammalia - Cingulata
Vizcaíno et al. 2012
MACN-A 4901, skull
Vizcaíno et al. 2012
MACN-A 5119, mandible
Mammalia - Cingulata - Chlamyphoridae
Stenotatus patagonicus (Ameghino 1887)
Vizcaíno et al. 2012
MACN-A 4874–4875, mandible and osteoderms; MACN-A 7801–7802, fragment of mandible and osteoderms
Vizcaíno et al. 2012
MACN-Pv Sc406, skull, postcrania
Stenotatus hesternus Ameghino 1889
Vizcaíno et al. 2012
MACN-A 4873, carapace and bone fragments
Mammalia - Cingulata - Dasypodidae
Proeutatus deleo (Ameghino 1891)
Vizcaíno et al. 2012
MACN-A 4800–4802, mandible, osteoderms, molariform
Proeutatus carinatus (Ameghino 1891)
Vizcaíno et al. 2012
MACN-A 8041–8042, carapace fragment and osteoderms
Mammalia
Adiastaltus procerus n. sp. Ameghino 1894
McDonald et al. 2008 1 specimen
MACN A-7779, distal humerus
Mammalia - Microbiotheria - Microbiotheriidae
Marshall 1982 2 specimens
MACN 5735, dentary c-m1, type; MACN 5727, dentary p3-m4, syntype (but not lectotype) of _Stylognathus diprotodontoides_
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5737, dentary c, type
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5736, dentary p1-3, type
Marshall 1982 12 specimens
MACN 5724, dentary p3; 5726, dentary p3; 5730, dentary p3-m1, m3-4; 5731, dentary m1, m3; 5733, dentary p2-m3; 5734, dentary c-p3; (coll. 1890-91); 8477, dentary p2-m2; 8478, dentary m2 (coll. 1891-92); 8475, dentary p3-m4; 8476, dentary p1-3, m1 talonid; 8506, dentary p1-m4; 8507, dentary m2-4 (coll. 1892-93); and types of synonyms
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5725, dentary p1-m1
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5741, dentary
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5739, dentary p2-3
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5716, dentary m1-2
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5738, dentary p3
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5729, dentary p1-m4
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5732, dentary p1-m4
Marshall 1982 2 specimens
MACN 5721, dentary m2-3 (syntype of _Halmarhiphus nanus_); MACN 5704, dentary m3-4 (?syntype of _Garzonia annectens_)
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5740, dentary p2-m1, type
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5728, dentary m2-4, lectotype
Mammalia - Paucituberculata - Palaeothentidae
Acdestis owenii (Ameghino 1887)
Abello et al. 2012
Abello et al. 2012
Bown and Fleagle 1993
SC-2903
Abello et al. 2012
Abello et al. 2012
Abello et al. 2012
Palaeothentes minutus Ameghino 1887
Abello et al. 2012
Abello et al. 2012
Mammalia - Paucituberculata - Abderitidae
Abello et al. 2012
MACN-A 5542, dentary m1-4; MACN-A 2037, dentary p3-m4
Mammalia - Paucituberculata - Pichipilidae
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5722, dentary p3
Mammalia - Paucituberculata - Caenolestidae
Marshall 1982 5 specimens
MACN 5701, dentary p2, m1-3; 5702, dentary p1-2, m1-2; 5710, dentary m1-3; 5723, dentary p2-3, parts of m1-2 (coll. 1890-91); 8456, dentary m2-4 (coll. 1891-92)
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5700, dentary p2-3, m1-2
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5709, dentary m2-4
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5703, dentary m1-4
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5698, dentary m3
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 5720, dentary m2-3
Mammalia - Sparassodonta
Marshall 1979 1 specimen
MACN 670, M2
Marshall 1979 1 specimen
MACN 649, canine, lectotype
Borhyaena tuberata Ameghino 1887
Prevosti et al. 2012
Marshall 1981 1 specimen
MACN-A 684, dentary m1-4, holotype
Marshall 1981 1 specimen
MACN 666, right dentary, holotype
Protoproviverra obusta n. sp. Ameghino 1891
Marshall 1981 2 specimens
MACN 686, dentary m1-2, m4; 687, dentary fragment; both are one individual
Sipalocyon gracilis n. sp. Ameghino 1887
Marshall 1981 6 specimens
MACN 667, dentary c-p2; MACN 668, dentary m1-3; MACN 6286, dentary p2-3; MACN 647, mandible p2-m2, holotype; MACN 688, maxilla P1; MACN 704, maxilla M2-3
Marshall 1981 1 specimen
MACN 683, dentary m1-2
Marshall 1981 1 specimen
MACN 685, partial M2
Marshall 1981 1 specimen
MACN 682, dentary m1-3
Marshall 1981 9 specimens
MACN 639, C; MACN 640, C; MACN 641, maxillary M1; MACN 673, dentary c-m4; MACN 674, dentary p3-m4; MACN 675a, dentary right m1-2, left m1-3; MACN 690, maxillary P3; MACN 9350, mailla P2-M4; MACN 9351, mandible m2-3
Agustylus minus n. sp. Ameghino 1935
Marshall 1981 2 specimens
MACN 671, dentary m2-4; MACN 672, dentary m2-4 (same individual, both form the holotype)
Marshall 1981 1 specimen
MACN 664, dentary p2, m2-3
Marshall 1981 1 specimen
MACN 689, dentary p1-3
Anatherium defossus n. gen., n. sp. Ameghino 1887
Marshall 1981 2 specimens
MACN 646, dentary p3, m3; MACN 669, dentary p2, holotype
Mammalia
Plagiocoelus obliquus n. gen., n. sp. Ameghino 1894
McDonald et al. 2008 1 specimen
MACN-A 7780, distal humerus
see common names

Geography
Country:Argentina State/province:Santa Cruz
Coordinates: 50.6° South, 69.1° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:50.0° South, 66.8° West (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period: Neogene Epoch: Miocene
Stage: Burdigalian 10 m.y. bin: Cenozoic 5
Key time interval: Santacrucian
Age range of interval: 17.5 - 16.3 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Santa Cruz
Stratigraphic resolution:formation
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: not reported
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:mesofossils
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:paleoecologic analysis
Metadata
Also known as:Monte Observación of Ameghino
Database number:176570
Authorizer:J. Zijlstra, J. Carrillo, P. Mannion Enterer:J. Zijlstra, M. Kouvari, G. Varnham, K. Pino
Modifier:M. Kouvari Research group:vertebrate
Subset of collection #:27313
Created:2016-02-17 21:17:17 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2016-02-17 21:17:17
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
58167. S. F. Vizcaíno, R. F. Kay, and M. S. Bargo. 2012. Background for a paleoecological study of the Santa Cruz Formation (late Early Miocene) on the Atlantic Coast of Patagonia. In S. F. Vizcaí­no, R. F. Kay, M. S. Bargo (eds.), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation 1-22 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]

Secondary references:

58179 M. A. Abello, E. Ortiz-Jaureguizar, and A. M. Candela. 2012. Paleoecology of the Paucituberculata and Microbiotheria (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from the late Early Miocene of Argentina. In S. F. Vizcaíno, R. F. Kay, M. S. Bargo (eds.), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation 156-172 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
58126 M. Arnal and M. Vucetich. 2015. Revision of the fossil rodent Acaremys Ameghino, 1887 (Hystricognathi, Octodontoidea, Acaremyidae) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) and the description of a new acaremyid. Historical Biology 27(1):42-59 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
72683 M. Arnal, M. G. Vucetich, D. A. Croft, M. S. Bargo, J. C. Fernícola and S. F. Viscaino. 2017. Systematic revision and evolutionary history of Acarechimys Patterson in Kraglievich 1965 (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Octodontoidea). Ameghiniana 54(3):307-330 [P. Mannion/M. Kouvari]
58223 M. S. Bargo, N. Toledo, and S. F. Vizcaíno. 2012. Paleobiology of the Santacrucian sloths and anteaters (Xenarthra, Pilosa). In S. F. Vizcaíno, R. F. Kay, M. S. Bargo (eds.), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation 216-242 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
73037 T. M. Bown and J. G. Fleagle. 1993. Systematics, Biostratigraphy, and Dental Evolution of the Palaeothentidae, Later Oligocene to Early-Middle Miocene (Deseadan-Santacrucian) Caenolestoid Marsupials of South America. Memoir (The Paleontological Society) 29:1-76 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham]
58224 G. H. Cassini, E. Cerdeño, A. L. Villafañe and N. A. Muñoz. 2012. Paleobiology of Santacrucian native ungulates (Meridiungulata: Astrapotheria, Litoptera and Notoungulata). In S. F. Vizcaíno, R. F. Kay, M. S. Bargo (eds.), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation 243-286 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
85306 M. Fernández, J. C. Fernicola, and E. Cerdeño. 2023. Systematic revision of the species of Protypotherium (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) from the Santa Cruz Formation (Early–Middle Miocene), Argentinian Patagonia: a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the Interatheriidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society zlad043:1-28 [J. Carrillo/K. Pino]
58177 J. C. Fernicola and A. Albino. 2012. Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the Santa Cruz Formation (late Early Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina: paleoenvironmental and paleobiological considerations. In S. F. Vizcaíno, R. F. Kay, M. S. Bargo (eds.), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation 129-137 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
58226 R. F. Kay, J. M. G. Perry, M. Malinzak, K. L. Allen, E. C. Kirk, J. M. Plavcan, and J. G. Fleagle. 2012. Paleobiology of Santacrucian primates. In S. F. Vizcaíno, R. F. Kay, M. S. Bargo (eds.), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation 306-330 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
57760 L. Marshall. 1982. Systematics of the South American marsupial family Microbiotheriidae. Fieldiana Geology 10:1-75 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
58324 L. G. Marshall. 1979. Review of the Prothylacyninae, an extinct subfamily of South American "dog-like" marsupials. Fieldiana Geology 3:1-50 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
58306 L. G. Marshall. 1981. Review of the Hathlyacyninae, an extinct subfamily of South American "dog-like" marsupials. Fieldiana Geology 7:1-120 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
58233 H. G. McDonald, S. F. Vizcaíno, and M. S. Bargo. 2008. Skeletal anatomy and the fossil history of the Vermilingua. In S. F. Vizcaíno, W. J. Loughry (eds.), The Biology of the Xenarthra 64-78 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
58202 F. J. Prevosti, A. M. Forasiepi, M. D. Ercoli and G. F. Turazzini. 2012. Paleoecology of the mammalian carnivores (Metatheria, Sparassodonta) of the Santa Cruz Formation (late Early Miocene). In S. F. Vizcaíno, R. F. Kay, M. S. Bargo (eds.), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation 173-193 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
86858 S. F. Vizcaíno, M. S. Bargo, R. F. Kay and M. S. Raigemborn. 2021. The record of the typothere Pachyrukhos (Mammalia, Notoungulata) and the Chinchillid Prolagostomus (Mammalia, Rodentia) in the Santa Cruz Formation (early–middle Miocene) south to the Río Coyle, Patagonia, Argentina. . Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina 21(2):1-15 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham]
58206 S. F. Vizcaíno, J. C. Fernicola, and M. S. Bargo. 2012. Paleobiology of Santacrucian glyptodonts and armadillos (Xenarthra, Cingulata). In S. F. Vizcaí­no, R. F. Kay, M. S. Bargo (eds.), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation 194-215 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]