PBDB Collection

Birds River (Bir 111): Carnian, South Africa

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

unclassified

	Jeanjacquesia sp.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	1 individual

	Halleyoctenis sp.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	6 individuals

	Eosteria sp.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	5 individuals

	Dordrechtites sp.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	50 individuals

	Avatia sp.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	50 individuals

	Fredlindia sp.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	2 individuals

	Avistrobus sp.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	2 individuals
Insecta - Eoblattida - Mesorthopteridae

	Mesorthopteron similis n. sp. Riek 1974	Riek 1974	1 specimen
	C-Dt II 354 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Eoblattida

	Paraplecoptera indet. Martynov 1925	Anderson et al. 1998	27 individuals
	synonym of Eoblattida
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Mesophlebiidae

	Mesophlebia elegans n. sp. Deregnaucourt et al. 2020	Tierney et al. 2020	1 specimen
	PRE/F/20242 (1 measurement)
Insecta

	Nototriadophlebia pritykinae n. gen., n. sp. Béthoux and Anderson 2023	Béthoux and Anderson 2023	2 specimens
	BP/2/20950ab, BP/2/20986ab (1 measurement)
Insecta - Triadotypidae

	Meganisoptera indet. Martynov 1932	Anderson et al. 1998	5 individuals
	(1 measurement)
	= Triassologus biseriatus Riek 1976	Béthoux and Anderson 2023
	Locality given as Hla 213 in Bethoux & Anderson, 2023
Insecta - Reculida - Geinitziidae

	Fletchitzia picturata Riek 1976	Wappler 2000	1 specimen
	PRE/F 10436
Insecta - Glosselytrodea - Polycytellidae

	Moltenojurina parva n. gen., n. sp. Béthoux and Anderson 2021	Béthoux and Anderson 2021	1 specimen
	PRE/F/20922 (1 measurement)

	Polycytella rasnitsyni n. sp. Béthoux and Anderson 2021	Béthoux and Anderson 2021	1 specimen
	PRE/F/10559 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Blattaria - Caloblattinidae

	Samaroblatta sp. Tillyard 1919	Riek 1974	1 specimen
Insecta - Orthoptera - Proparagryllacrididae

	Proparagryllacrididae indet. Riek 1956	Wappler 2001	1 specimen

	Dordrechtia sp. Riek 1976	Wappler 2001	1 specimen

	Gryllacrimima sp. Sharov 1968	Wappler 2001	1 specimen

	Gryllacrimima johnski n. sp. Wappler 2001	Wappler 2001	1 specimen
	BP/2/4533 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Orthoptera - Haglidae

	aff. Afrohagla contorta (Riek 1974)	Wappler 2001	1 specimen

	Hagla contorta n. sp. Riek 1974	Riek 1974	1 specimen
	recombined as Afrohagla contorta
	C-Dt II 351, and one more in Wappler 2001 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Blattodea

	Blattodea indet. (Latreille 1810)	Riek 1974	2 specimens
	corrected as Blattaria
	abdomen
Insecta - Triassoblattidae

	Triassoblatta robusta Riek 1974	Riek 1974	10 specimens
Insecta - Grylloblattodea - Euchauliodidae

	Euchauliodes distinctus n. gen., n. sp. Riek 1974	Riek 1974	1 specimen
	C-Dt II 2 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Dysmorphoptilidae

	Dysmorphoptiloides protuberans n. sp. Riek 1974	Riek 1974	1 specimen
	recombined as Tennentsia protuberans
	C-Dt II 342 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Dunstaniidae

	Prosbolomorpha clara n. gen., n. sp. Riek 1974	Riek 1974	1 specimen
	C-Dt II 3 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Protopsyllidiidae

	Protopsyllidiidae informal nymph	Riek 1974	1 specimen
	C-Dt II 1 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Xyelidae

	Moltenia rieki n. gen., n. sp. Schlüter 2000	Schlüter 2000	1 specimen
	PRE/F 10438 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Coleoptera

	Coleoptera indet. Linnaeus 1758	Anderson et al. 1998	56 individuals
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Ademosynidae

	Ademosyne speciosa Riek 1974	Riek 1974	3 specimens
Insecta - Mecoptera

	Mecoptera indet. Packard 1886	Anderson et al. 1998	6 individuals
	(1 measurement)
Cycadopsida - Cycadales - Nilssoniaceae

	Pseudoctenis sp. Seward 1911	Anderson and Anderson 2000	1 individual
Cycadopsida - Cycadales

	Taeniopteris sp. Brongniart 1828	Anderson and Anderson 2000	70 individuals
Cycadopsida - Pteridospermales

	Chiropteris sp. Kurr 1845	Anderson and Anderson 2000	1 individual
Ginkgoopsida - Ginkgoales - Ginkgoaceae

	Stachyopitys sp. Schenk 1867	Anderson and Anderson 2000	100 individuals
Ginkgoopsida - Ginkgoales

	Sphenobaiera sp. Florin 1936	Anderson and Anderson 2000	85 %-individuals
unclassified

	Ginkgoites sp. Seward 1919	Anderson and Anderson 2000	43 individuals
Bryopsida

	Muscites sp. Brongniart 1828	Anderson and Anderson 2000	40 individuals
Hepaticae - Marchantiales - Marchantiaceae

	Marchantites sp. Brongniart 1849	Anderson and Anderson 2000	4 individuals
Hepaticae

	Thallites sp. Walton 1925	Anderson and Anderson 2000	7 individuals
Pinopsida - Pinales

	Heidiphyllum sp. Retallack 1981	Anderson and Anderson 2000	10 %-individuals
Bennettitales

	Cycadolepis sp. Saporta 1875	Anderson and Anderson 2000	1 individual
Coniferales

	Fraxinopsis sp. Wieland 1929	Anderson and Anderson 2000	50 individuals
unclassified

	Pteridophyta indet. Haeckel 1875	Anderson and Anderson 2000	14 individuals
Lycopsida

	Lycopsida indet.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	4 individuals
Polypodiopsida - Equisetales - Equisetaceae

	Equisetum sp. Linnaeus 1753	Anderson and Anderson 2000	20 individuals
Pteridopsida

	Filicopsida indet. Pfefferkorn 1976	Anderson and Anderson 2000	90 individuals
	synonym of Pteridopsida
Gymnospermopsida

	Gymnospermopsida indet.	Anderson and Anderson 2000	15 individuals
Gymnospermopsida - Corystospermales - Corystospermaceae

	Dicroidium sp. Gothan 1912	Anderson and Anderson 2000	1 %-individuals

	Fanerotheca sp. Frenguelli 1944	Anderson and Anderson 2000	60 individuals
Peltaspermopsida - Peltaspermales - Peltaspermaceae

	Lepidopteris sp. Schimper 1869	Anderson and Anderson 2000	70 individuals

	Peltaspermum sp. Harris 1937	Anderson and Anderson 2000	70 individuals
Cycadeoideopsida - Cycadeoideales

	Yabeiella sp. Oishi 1931	Anderson and Anderson 2000	40 individuals
see common names

Geography

Country:	South Africa	State/province:	Eastern Cape
Coordinates:	31.5° South, 26.8° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	62.4° South, 7.2° West
Basis of coordinate:	unpublished field data

Time

Period:	Triassic	Epoch:	Late/Upper Triassic
Stage:	Carnian	10 m.y. bin:	Triassic 3
Key time interval:	Carnian
Age range of interval:	237.00000 - 227.00000 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Geological group:

Stormberg

Formation:

Molteno

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	planar lamination,gray,yellow "shale"
Lithology description: "yellowish grey, very well laminated shale" (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))
Environment:	lacustrine - small	Tectonic setting:	cratonic basin
Geology comments: "transient lake in back swamp" (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	mold/impression
Size of fossils:	macrofossils

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	field collection
Reason for describing collection:	taxonomic analysis
Taxonomic list comments:habitat described as "Sphenobaiera closed woodland" (Anderson and Anderson 2000 (ref. 6625))

Metadata

Database number:	23142
Authorizer:	H. Sims, M. Clapham	Enterer:	H. Lindon, J. Karr, M. Clapham
Modifier:	M. Clapham	Research group:	paleobotany,paleoentomology
Created:	2002-07-10 06:53:45	Last modified:	2016-12-26 17:05:00
Access level:	the public	Released:	2002-07-10 06:53:45
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

6624.

J. M. Anderson and H. M. Anderson. 1983. Palaeoflora of Southern Africa Molteno Formation (Triassic). Palaeoflora of Southern Africa Molteno Formation (Triassic) 1:1-227 [H. Sims/H. Lindon/H. Lindon]

Secondary references:

34875		J. M. Anderson, H. M. Anderson, and A. R. I. Cruickshank. 1998. Late Triassic ecosystems of the Molteno/Lower Elliot Biome of Southern Africa. Palaeontology 41:387-421 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
6625		J. M. Anderson and H. M. Anderson. 2000. Table 35 Molteno vegetative genera, phytosociological table. [H. Sims/H. Lindon/J. Cassara]
84035		O. Béthoux and J. M. Anderson. 2021. The Polycytellidae viewed as Gondwanan Glosselytrodea. Palaeoentomology 4:550-558 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
85991		O. Béthoux and J. M. Anderson. 2023. New light shed on Triadophlebiomorpha wing morphology and systematics (Insecta: Odonata). Geodiversitas 45:479-496 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
37260		E. F. Riek. 1974. Upper Triassic Insects from the Molteno "Formation", South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 17:19-31 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/J. Karr]
37265		E. F. Riek. 1976. An Unusual Mayfly (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the Triassic of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 19:149-151 [M. Clapham/J. Karr]
37190		T. Schlüter. 2000. Moltenia rieki n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae?), a tentative sawfly from the Molteno Formation (Upper Triassic), South Africa. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 74(1/2):75-78 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/M. Clapham]
73487		A. Tierney, I. Deregnaucourt, J. M. Anderson, P. Tierney, T. Wappler and O. Béthoux. 2020. The Triassic Mesophlebiidae, a little closer to the crown of the Odonata (Insecta) than other 'triassolestids'. Alcheringa 44:279-285 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
52178		T. Wappler. 2000. Triassische Insekten aus dem Karoo-Becken im südlichen Afrika. Arbeitskreis Paläontologie Hannover 28:68-84 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
37214		T. Wappler. 2001. New orthopteroid insects from the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation, Karoo Basin, southern Africa. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia 24(52/53):87-104 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/M. Clapham]