Indian Creek, 35 (Arroyo Formation): Kungurian, Texas

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Eobrachyopidae
Romer 1928 1 specimen
AMNH 4329 (type)
1 individual
AMNH 4569
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Trimerorhachidae
Romer 1928 4 specimens
Authority is not Romer 1928. entered as "Trimerorachis"
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Eryopidae
Romer 1928 6 specimens
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Dissorophidae
Williston 1910 21 specimens
Amphibia - Diplocaulidae
Romer 1928 5 specimens
Reptilia - Captorhinidae
Romer 1928 4 specimens
Seltin 1959 2 individuals
CNHM UR 242, UC 951; these specimens were deducted from Romer's (1928) 7 original occurences of "Captorhinus sp."
1 specimen
AMNH 4332 (type); this specimen is deducted from Romer's (1928) 7 original occurences of "Captorhinus sp."
Romer 1928 1 specimen
Williston 1917 6 specimens
CNHM UC 174, 176-178, 181, 731; these specimens were deducted from Romer's (1928) 7 original occurences of "Labidosaurus sp."
Caseidae
Williston 1910 1 individual
CNHM UC 656 (type)
Varanopidae
Varanosaurus brevirostris n. sp. Williston 1911
Williston 1911 99 specimens
specimen numbers are from Romer 1928
Ophiacodontidae
Romer 1928 4 specimens
Edaphosauridae
Romer 1928 5 specimens
Sphenacodontidae
Romer 1928 2 specimens
Diadectidae
Diadectes sp. Cope 1878
Romer 1928 3 specimens
Seymouriidae
Williston 1911 1 specimen
probably specimen FMNH 6183 in Sumida et al. (1992, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B)
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Texas County:Baylor
Coordinates: 33.8° North, 99.2° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:1.8° North, 28.9° West (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period: Permian Epoch: Cisuralian
Stage: Kungurian 10 m.y. bin: Permian 2
*Period:Early/Lower Permian - Early/Lower Permian *Epoch:Rotliegendes
Key time interval: Kungurian
Age range of interval: 283.3 - 274.4 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Clear Fork Formation:Arroyo
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: "The localities are about 100 to 150 feet above the Lueders limestone." Details for Faunal Zone 4 of Romer 1928: "The vertebrate remains are confined to approximately the lowest 250 feet or so of the Clear Fork.."
the base and top of the Clear Fork Group (i.e., Arroyo, Vale, and Choza formations) are both within the Kungurian: see Wardlaw 2005 (Permophiles) for the base, and DiMichele et al. 2001 (J Paleont) for the top
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:red claystone
Secondary lithology: conglomeratic sandstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "red beds... red clays, with small amounts of sandstone and conglomerates."
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Degree of concentration:-bonebed
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Articulated whole bodies:some
Associated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:some
Encrustation:occasional
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:bulk,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: Chicago University Collections among others.
Romer (1928) paper is a review of vertebrates from the Texas red-beds with previously unreported (or undetailed) localities. Based on the following statement, "A large proportion of the specimens recorded from here are from the Cacops bone bed" some of the specimens listed by Romer 1928 may be from farther afield than the specific gulley mentioned by Williston.
Taxonomic list comments:Romer (1928) provides a list of genotypes and holotypes (without authority data) with associated, previously unpublished locality data.
Metadata
Also known as:Locality 35 (Romer 1928), Cacops bone bed, faunal Zone 4, Lower Clear Fork Group, Texas red-beds, redbeds
Database number:28264
Authorizer:J. Alroy, J. Mueller, R. Butler Enterer:R. Whatley, T. Liebrecht, E. Dunne
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2003-02-03 14:48:26 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2003-02-03 14:48:26
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
28358. E. D. Cope. 1896. Second contribution to the history of the Cotylosauria. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 35(151):122-139 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht/T. Liebrecht]

Secondary references:

76935% 49780A. S. Romer. 1928. Vertebrate faunal horizons in the Texas Permo-Carboniferous red beds. University of Texas Bulletin 2801:67-108 [J. Alroy/R. Whatley/W. Clyde]
57795 R. R. Schoch and A. R. Milner. 2014. Handbook of Paleoherpetology Part 3A2 Temnospondyli I. [R. Butler/E. Dunne/E. Dunne]
28359 R. J. Seltin. 1959. A review of the family Captorhinidae. Fieldiana: Geology 10(34):461-509 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht/T. Liebrecht]
9269 S. W. Williston. 1910. New Permian reptiles; rhachitomous vertebrae. Journal of Geology 18:585-600 [J. Alroy/R. Whatley/R. Whatley]
9272 S. W. Williston. 1910. Cacops, Desmospondylus; new genera of Permian vertebrates. Geological Society America Bulletin 21:249-284 [J. Alroy/R. Whatley/M. Carrano]
9228 S. W. Williston. 1911. American Permian Vertebrates. 1-145 [J. Alroy/R. Whatley/M. Uhen]
55127 S. W. Williston. 1917. Labidosaurus Cope, a Lower Permian cotylosaur reptile from Texas. Journal of Geology 25(4):309-321 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]