F 1/89, Wadi Abu Hashim: Campanian - Maastrichtian, Sudan
collected 1989-

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes
Werner 1994 1 element
"n. gen., n. sp."
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Acrodontidae
Werner 1994 3 elements
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Werner 1993 1 element
Dipnomorpha - Lepidosirenidae
Werner 1994 1 element
"n. sp."
Werner 1993 1 element
Dipnoi - Ceratodontidae
Werner 1993 1 element
Werner 1993 1 element
Reptilia - Testudines - Podocnemididae
Rauhut 1999
Werner 1994
Reptilia - Testudines
Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)
3 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-596–598
Reptilia - Lacertilia
Werner 1993
Reptilia - Serpentes
Serpentes indet. Linnaeus 1758
Werner 1994
Reptilia - Lapparentopheidae
aff. Lapparentophiidae indet. (Hoffstetter 1959)
Werner 1993
    = ? Lapparentophiidae indet. Hoffstetter 1959
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Russellophiidae
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Aniliidae
? Aniliidae indet. Fitzinger 1826
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Nigerophiidae
Serpentes indet. Linnaeus 1758
Werner 1993
Paleophiidae/Nigerophiidae lineage
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Madtsoiidae
Werner 1994 1 specimen
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Dinosauria
Rauhut 1999 4 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-722, 851, 855
Reptilia
Werner 1994 6 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-719, 845-848, 878, 895, 896
Rauhut 1999 5 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-856, 857, 879, 884, 892
Mannion and Barrett 2013
Reptilia - Titanosauridae
Werner 1993 70 specimens
Buffetaut et al. 1990
TUB-SFB69 Vb-606, 720, 721, 876, 877, 880-882, 883, 885, 886, 889, 891, 893, 894, 897, 899, 900–912, 935
Reptilia - Theropoda
6 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-607, 852, 874a, 874b
Reptilia
Rauhut 1999 1 specimen
TUB-SFB69 Vb-839
Reptilia - Ornithomimidae
Werner 1994 2 specimens
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae
Rauhut and Werner 1995
Werner 1994 6 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-713, 714, 860, 866, 868, 875
    = Velociraptorinae indet. Barsbold 1983
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Carcharodontosauridae
Rauhut 1999 2 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-717, 870
Werner 1993 3 specimens
Bahariasaurus/Carcharodontosaurus; TUB-SFB69 Vb-718, 849, 871, 873
Reptilia
Werner 1993 1 specimen
TUB-SFB69 Vb-854
Rauhut 1999 2 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-723, 853
Rauhut 1999 1 specimen
also referred to as "Iguanodontidae indet."; TUB-SFB69 Vb-850
Reptilia - Hypsilophodontidae
Rauhut 1999 1 specimen
TUB-SFB69 Vb-936
Reptilia - Crocodylomorpha
Werner 1993 1 specimen
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Machimosauridae
Werner 1994 1 specimen
Reptilia - Dyrosauridae
2 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-599, 601
Amphibia - Temnospondyli
Gymnophiona indet. Rafinesque 1814
Werner 1994 4 elements
MCM Vb-659, 660, 661, 781 (trunk vertebrae)
Werner 1993 1 specimen
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Urodela
Evans et al. 1996 3 elements
TUB-sFB-69 Vb-805, 808-809 (caudal vertebrae)
Evans et al. 1996 5 individuals
TUB-SFB-69 Vb-793 (holotype atlantal centrum) and referres specimens: Vb-797-799, 801 (atlantal centra), Vb 815-816 (trunk vertebrae)
Evans et al. 1996 2 individuals
TUB-SFB-69 Vb-791 (holotype atlantal centrum), paratypes: Vb-782 (lleft dentary), Vb-788 (basi-exoccipital), Vb-800 atlas, Vb-802-3 (trunk centra), Vb 806 (trunk neural arch). Referred material: Vb 783-787, 789-790, 792, 794-796, 804, 807 and uncatalogued material in TUB-SFB-69.
Pisces
Werner 1993 1 element
spiral coprolite - selachian, dipnoan, or gar
Cladistia - Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Werner 1994 3 elements
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae
Osteoglossidae indet. Bonaparte 1832
Werner 1994 1 element
Actinopteri - Characiformes
Werner 1994 1 element
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Werner 1994 1 element
see common names

Geography
Country:Sudan State/province:Ash Shamaliyah
Coordinates: 16.7° North, 31.1° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:2.6° South, 32.2° East (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period: Cretaceous Epoch: Late Cretaceous
Stage: Campanian - Maastrichtian 10 m.y. bin: Cretaceous 7 - Cretaceous 8
Key time interval: Campanian - Maastrichtian
Age range of interval: 83.6 - 66 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Wadi Milk
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: Originally considered as Cenomanian, but now thought to be dated to the Campanian–Maastrichtian (Klein et al., 2016, and references therein)

Agyemang et al. 2019: A maximum depositional age of 79.2 ± 2.4 Ma is demonstrated herein for the youngest detrital zircon population in the Wadi Milk Formation
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:"cross stratification",coarse sandstone
Secondary lithology:fine siltstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "fine grained siltsones, sandstones, and corase cross-bedded sandstones"
Environment:fluvial-lacustrine indet.
Geology comments: "The Wadi Milk Formation is dominated by sediments of braided rivers and sandy braided-meandering river systems...The sedimentary sequence is interpreted as deposits of meandering rivers with dominating flood plain and lacustrine environments, minor fluviatile intercalation and rare paleosols."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Spatial orientation:random
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:none
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Fragmentation:frequent
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection,survey of museum collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection dates:1989-
Metadata
Database number:38682
Authorizer:M. Carrano, R. Benson, P. Mannion Enterer:M. Carrano, R. Benson, P. Mannion
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2004-04-28 13:09:55 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2004-04-28 13:09:55
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
39507. E. Buffetaut, R. Bussert, and W. Brinkman. 1990. A new nonmarine vertebrate fauna in the Upper Cretaceous of northern Sudan. Berliner Geowissenschaftlische Abhandlungen A 120(1):183-202 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

79685 P. C. O. Agyemang, E. M. Roberts, R. Bussert, D. Evans, and J. Müller. 2019. U-Pb detrital zircon constraints on the depositional age and provenance of the dinosaur-bearing Upper Cretaceous Wadi Milk formation of Sudan. Cretaceous Research 97:52-72 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham/G. Varnham]
38087 S. E. Evans, A. R. Milner, and C. Werner. 1996. Sirenid salamanders and a gymnophionan amphibian from the Cretaceous of the Sudan. Palaeontology 39(1):77-95 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
84706 F. M. Holwerda. 2020. Sauropod dinosaur fossils from the Kem Kem and extended ‘Continental Intercalaire’ of North Africa: A review. Journal of African Earth Sciences 163:103738 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/P. Mannion]
47874 P. D. Mannion and P. M. Barrett. 2013. Additions to the sauropod dinosaur fauna of the Cenomanian (early Late Cretaceous) Kem Kem beds of Morocco: Palaeobiogeographical implications of the mid-Cretaceous African sauropod fossil record. Cretaceous Research 45:49-59 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
10388 O. W. M. Rauhut. 1999. A dinosaur fauna from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of northern Sudan. Palaeontologia Africana 35:61-84 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
10383 O. W. M. Rauhut and C. Werner. 1995. First record of the family Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) in the Cretaceous of Gondwana (Wadi Milk Formation, northern Sudan). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 69(3/4):475-489 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/J. Alroy]
19439ETE C. Werner. 1993. Eine neue Fundstelle terrestrischer Wirbeltiere aus der Kreide des Sudan [A new terrestrial vertebrate locality from the Cretaceous of Sudan]. In R. Kohring (ed.), Miscellanea Palaeontologica 2. Berliner Geowissenschaften Abhandlungen, Reihe E 9 201-209 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
19438ETE C. Werner. 1993. Late Cretaceous continental vertebrate faunas of Niger and northern Sudan. In U. Thoerweihe & H. Shandelmeier (eds.), Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam 401-405 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
19440ETE C. Werner. 1994. Die kontinentale Wirbeltierfauna aus der unteren Oberkreide des Sudan (Wadi Milk Formation) [The continental vertebrate fauna of the lower Upper Cretaceous of Sudan (Wadi Milk Formation)]. In R. Kohring & T. Martin (eds.), Miscellanea Palaeontologica 3: Festschrift Bernard Krebs. Berliner Geowissenschaften Abhandlungen, Reihe E 13 221-249 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]