Gaj beds - Warsar, Kachh: Early Miocene, Pakistan
collected by Vredenburg

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Bivalvia - Nuculida - Nuculidae
Vredenburg 1928
Bivalvia - Pholadida - Corbulidae
Vredenburg 1928
Bivalvia - Carditida - Crassatellidae
Crassatella sulcata (Solander 1866)
Vredenburg 1928
Bivalvia - Carditida - Carditidae
Vredenburg 1928
Bivalvia - Pectinida - Pectinidae
Vredenburg 1928
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
Ostrea imbricata Lamarck 1819
Vredenburg 1928
Ostrea lingua Sowerby 1840
Vredenburg 1928
Gastropoda - Opisthobranchiata - Haminoeidae
Gastropoda - Strombidae
Gastropoda - Ficidae
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Melongenidae
Melongena lainei (Basterot 1825)
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Hindsia granosa (Sowerby 1840)
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Turridae
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Pseudomelatomidae
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Conidae
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Lyria jugosa (Sowerby 1839)
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Olividae
Gastropoda - Naticidae
Natica obscura Sowerby 1840
Vredenburg 1928
Gastropoda - Cerithiidae
Gastropoda - Turritellidae
Turritella angulata Sowerby 1840
Vredenburg 1928
Turritella heberti d'Archiac and Haime 1854
Vredenburg 1928
    = Turritella kachhensis Vredenburg 1928
Harzhauser et al. 2009
Gastropoda - Epitoniidae
Vredenburg 1928
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
Solarium affine Sowerby 1840
Vredenburg 1928
see common names

Geography
Country:Pakistan
Coordinates: 23.3° North, 68.8° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:13.3° North, 69.1° East (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period: Neogene Epoch: Miocene
10 m.y. bin: Cenozoic 5
Key time interval: Early Miocene
Age range of interval: 23.04 - 15.98 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Gaj
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the lower Gaj beds, which regionally overlie the Nari beds (Oligocene) and are overlain by the Middle-Late Miocene Mekran beds. AGE: lower Early Miocene, based on similarity with European faunas of Aquitanian age. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: from the lower Gaj beds.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: poorly lithified "siliciclastic"
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, but presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, based on figured specimens.
Environment:coastal indet.
Geology comments: ENVIRONMENT: Not stated in text, but presumably shallow shelf siliciclastic.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (in situ),field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:Vredenburg
Collection method comments: COLLECTORS: Multiple collectors including W. Blanford, Wynne, Hira Lal, Ram Singh, and Noetling (staff of Geological Survey of India) during the early 1900's. REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India, with voucher specimens possibly at the BMNH.
Taxonomic list comments:COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda, bivalvia, and scaphopoda. NOMENCLATURE: Antiquated, but from an authoritative publication, with use of species and subgenus resolution assignments. Nomenclature can be updated through reference to Harzhauser and Swarko publications.
Metadata
Database number:77169
Authorizer:A. Hendy Enterer:A. Hendy
Research group:marine invertebrate
Created:2007-12-21 16:42:35 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:authorizer only Released:2008-12-21 16:42:35
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
26063. 1925E. Vredenburg. 1925. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(1):1-350 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]

Secondary references:

36478 M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]
26112 E. Vredenburg. 1928. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Gastropoda (in part) and Lamellibranchiata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(2):351-506 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/A. Hendy]