Sangiali Kali Kakor, DL-1 (eastern): Late Maastrichtian, Pakistan
collected by M. S. Malkani

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Balochisauridae
Malkani 2020 13 specimens
GSP/Sangiali 1109–1118, 1120–1122
    = Qaikshaheen masoomniazi n. gen., n. sp. Malkani 2023
Malkani 2023
Reptilia
Malkani 2015 2 specimens
R distal humerus MSM-262-1; R distal femur MSM-232-1
Malkani 2020
Reptilia - Pakisauridae
Malkani 2010
some armor
100 specimens
some armor
Malkani 2003
Malkani 2009
Malkani 2015
Reptilia - Vitakrisauridae
Malkani 2006 1 specimen
MSM-56-1, caudal vertebra
see common names

Geography
Country:Pakistan State/province:Balochistan County:Barkham
Coordinates: 29.7° North, 69.4° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:19.7° South, 66.2° East (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period: Cretaceous Epoch: Late Cretaceous
Stage: Maastrichtian 10 m.y. bin: Cretaceous 8
Key time interval: Late Maastrichtian
Age range of interval: 72.2 - 66 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Fort Munro Formation:Vitakri
Stratigraphic resolution:member
Stratigraphy comments: "... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)."
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:gray,green,red mudstone
Lithology description: "... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene). the upper part of Pab Formation seems to be a continental fluviatile fresh water deposition in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range due to sedimentary structure."
Environment:fluvial indet.
Geology comments: "... continental fluviatile fresh water deposition..."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Degree of concentration:-single event
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Spatial orientation:random
Preservation of anatomical detail:poor
Abundance in sediment:rare
Disassociated major elements:some
Disassociated minor elements:some
Temporal resolution:snapshot
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:M. S. Malkani
Metadata
Also known as:PDL-1, Vitakri, mid Sangiali
Database number:78055
Authorizer:M. Carrano Enterer:S. Miller, M. Carrano
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2008-01-25 15:12:47 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2008-01-25 15:12:47
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
37333. M. S. Malkani and C.h. M. Anwar. 2000. Discovery of first dinosaur fossil in Pakistan, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan Information Release 732:1-16 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

26327ETE M. S. Malkani. 2003. Pakistani Titanosauria: are armoured dinosaurs?. Geological Bulletin University of Preshawar 36:85-91 [M. Carrano/S. Miller/M. Carrano]
26765ETE M. S. Malkani. 2006. Biodiversity of saurischian dinosaurs from the latest Cretaceous Park of Pakistan. Journal of Applied and Emerging Sciences 1(3):108-140 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76825 M. S. Malkani. 2009. New Balochisaurus (Balochisauridae, Titanosauria, Sauropoda) and Vitakridrinda (Theropoda) remains From Pakistan. Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) 41(2):65-92 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76838 M. S. Malkani. 2010. Osteoderms of Pakisauridae and Balochisauridae (Titanosauria, Sauropoda, Dinosauria) in Pakistan. Journal of Earth Science 21(Special):198-203 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76839 M. S. Malkani. 2010. Vitakridrinda (Vitakrisauridae, Theropoda) from the latest Cretaceous of Pakistan. Journal of Earth Science 21(Special):204-212 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76851 M. S. Malkani. 2015. Dinosaurs, mesoeucrocodiles, pterosaurs, new fauna and flora from Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan Information Release 823:iii-32 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76853 M. S. Malkani. 2015. Osteoderms and dermal plates of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs found from Pakistan: reported first time in Asia. In Y. Zhang, S. Z. Wu, & G. Sun (eds.), The 12th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Abstracts 250-254 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
86247 M. S. Malkani. 2016. Vitakri Dome of Pakistan – a richest graveyard of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs and mesoeucrocodiles in Asia. In O. S. Dzyuba, E. B. Pestchevitskaya, & B. N. Shurygin (eds.), Cretaceous Ecosystems and Their Responses to Paleoenvironmental Changes in Asia and the Western Pacific. Short papers for the Fourth International Symposium of International Geoscience Programme, IGCP Project 608 129-132 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
86474 M. S. Malkani. 2017. A review of Pakisaurus titanosaur: associated skeletons of sauropod and theropod dinosaurs and mesoeucrocodiles from Pakistan: discussion on titanosaurs of Indo-Pak subcontinent. In D. Cheong, Y.-I. Lee, & D. Kim (eds.), Cretaceous Ecosystems and Their Responses to Paleoenvironmental Changes in Asia and the Western Pacific. Proceedings and Field Guidebook for the Fifth International Symposium of International Geoscience Programme IGCP Project 608 116-119 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76864 M. S. Malkani. 2020. Theropods, mesoeucrocodiles and pterosaurs found from the latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation of Balochistan, Pakistan; description with large photographs and comparison with coeval taxa from Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Open Journal of Geology 10(5):510-551 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76865 M. S. Malkani. 2020. First snout with complete teeth row of small titanosaur in Indo-Pakistan found from the latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation of Pakistan; associated cranial and postcranial skeletons of Saraikimasoom vitakri (Poripuchia, stocky Titanosauria, Sauropoda) from Pakistan and referred fossils from India. Open Journal of Geology 10(4):368-407 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76866 M. S. Malkani. 2020. Pakisaurus balochistani (Poripuchia, slender Titanosauria, Sauropoda) associated skeletons found from the latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation of Pakistan and referred fossils from India; filling of important missing links of Isisaurus colberti titanosaur found from Pakistan. Open Journal of Geology 10(4):408-447 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
86250 M. S. Malkani. 2023. A glance on the mineral deposits and stratigraphic sequential variations and structures in different sections of Indus Basin (Pakistan): new titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs from the latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation of Pakistan. Open Journal of Geology 13(10):1069-1138 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]