Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry, Bonvilston: Carnian, United Kingdom
collected by D. A. Kermack & P. L. Robinson 1952

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Kuehneosauridae
Kuehneosaurus sp. Robinson 1962
Fraser 1986
Reptilia
Lepidosauria indet. (Haeckel 1866)
Kermack 1984
Diphydontosaurus sp. Whiteside 1986
Keeble et al. 2018 4 specimens
NHMUK R37024, left dentary; NHMUK R37031, parietal; two additional ?Diphydontosaurus specimens: NHMUK R37025, frontal; NHMUK R37018, parietal
Reptilia - Clevosauridae
Clevosaurus sp. Swinton 1939
Fraser 1986
Clevosaurus cambrica n. sp. Keeble et al. 2018
Keeble et al. 2018 7 specimens
NHMUK R37016 (holotype), left maxilla; NHMUK R37015, left dentary; NHMUK R37042, right maxilla; NHMUK R37014, partial skull and right lower jaw, vertebrae, and left scapulocoracoid and forelimb; NHMUK R37013, skull and associated bones (in rock specimen NHMUK R36939); NHMUK R37014, dentary and maxilla (found in rock specimen NHMUK R36940)
Reptilia - Rhynchocephalia
Rhynchocephalia informal taxon A
Keeble et al. 2018 2 specimens
NHMUK R37035, posterior fragment of dentary; NHMUK R37022, right dentary
Reptilia
Crocodilia indet. Owen 1842
Crush 1984 2 specimens
"a very primitive crocodile or crocodile ancestor"
    = Terrestrisuchus gracilis n. gen., n. sp. Crush 1984
Kermack 1953
BMNH (formerly UCL) P47/21, 47/22 (holotype). Referred specimens
Aenigmaspina pantyffynnonensis n. gen., n. sp. Patrick et al. 2019
Patrick et al. 2019 4 specimens
NHMUK P9/1a, NHMUK P9/2a, NHMUK P9/3a, NHMUK P50/4
Thecodontosaurus sp. Riley and Stutchbury 1836
Kermack 1984 37 specimens
BMNH P24 (holotype). P6/1, 19/6, 19/7, 22/1, 25/4, 25/5, 27/1, 27/3, 35/1, 38/2, 38/8, 39/1, 39/2, 39/3, 41/1, 50/4, 52, 57/1, 59/4, 59/5, 64/1, 65/21, 65/25, 65/29, 65/36, 65/42, 66/1, 68/1, 77/1, 81/1, 82/2, 106/1, 125/1, 126/1, 141/1, unnumbered
    = Thecodontosaurus caducus n. sp. Yates 2003
Yates 2003
Reptilia - Theropoda
Coelurosauria indet. Huene 1914
Kermack 1984 2 specimens
    = ? Syntarsus sp.
Rauhut and Hungerbühler 2000
BMNH PV RU P 77/1, 76/1
    = Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881
Carrano 2025
Reptilia
Pendraig milnerae n. gen., n. sp. Spiekman et al. 2021
Spiekman et al. 2021
Holotype: NHMUK PV R 37591 - An articulated vertebral series and pelvic girdle comprising the two posteriormost dorsal vertebrae missing most of the neural spines, the three anteriormost sacral vertebrae and a small fragment of the centrum of the fourth sacral, a complete left ilium, a largely complete left pubis missing the distal end, a left ischium missing most of the distal portion, a largely complete right pubis missing the distal end, and a right ischium missing most of the dorsal and distal portions (field number P77/1). Additionally, a left femur was found disarticulated from the left hemipelvis in the same block (field number P76/1). It has been completely freed from the matrix and is confidently referred to the same individual as the vertebral column and pelvis. Referred material. NHMUK PV R 37596 (field number P83/1): A complete middle to posterior dorsal vertebra completely freed from matrix (figure 4). NHMUK PV R 37597 (field number P65/66b): the proximal end of a left ischium preserving the articular facet with the left ilium (figure 5). A counterslab to this specimen, listed as field number P65/66a and comprising the base of the distal portion and part of the proximal expansion of the ischium, was described and figured in the unpublished PhD thesis of Warrener.
see common names

Geography
Country:United Kingdom State/province:Wales County:Swansea
Coordinates: 51.5° North, 3.4° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:20.3° North, 6.0° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Altitude:126 meters
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period: Triassic Epoch: Late Triassic
Stage: Carnian 10 m.y. bin: Triassic 3
*Period:Late/Upper Triassic - Early/Lower Jurassic
*International age/stage:Carnian - Toarcian
Key time interval: Carnian
Age range of interval: 237 - 227 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: Whiteside & Marshall (2008) argue that Pant-y-ffynnon and other Triassic fissure fills are Rhaetian in age
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: "limestone"
Secondary lithology:yellow marl
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: stratified, yellow clay/marl cave/fissure-filling in a limestone
Environment:fissure fill
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Degree of concentration:-multiple events
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Spatial orientation:life position
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:some
Associated major elements:many
Size sorting:medium
Fragmentation:occasional
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes:some genera,species names
Collection methods:bulk,surface (float),mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:BMNH
Collectors:D. A. Kermack & P. L. Robinson Collection dates:1952
Metadata
Also known as:Pant-y-ffynon, Cowbridge islands, ST 046 743
Database number:27012
Authorizer:M. Carrano, R. Whatley, E. Dunne, G. Lloyd, P. Barrett, R. Butler Enterer:M. Carrano, R. Butler, T. Cleary, G. Lloyd, E. Dunne, R. Whatley
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2002-11-12 10:11:33 Last modified:2024-02-16 10:30:51
Access level:the public Released:2002-11-12 10:11:33
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
52292. K. A. Kermack. 1953. An ancestral crocodile from south Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 166(1–2):1-2 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

14199ETE M. T. Carrano. 2025. Taxonomic opinions on the Dinosauria. [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63950 P. J. Crush. 1984. A late Upper Triassic sphenosuchid crocodilian from Wales. Palaeontology 27(1):131-157 [M. Uhen/C. Violaris/P. Mannion]
12296 P. J. Crush. 1984. A Late Upper Triassic sphenosuchid crocodilian from Wales. Palaeontology 7(1):131-157 [R. Whatley/R. Whatley/R. Whatley]
12210 N. C. Fraser. 1986. Terrestrial vertebrates at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in south West Britain. Modern Geology 10:147-157 [R. Whatley/R. Whatley/R. Butler]
12289 N. C. Fraser. 1994. Assemblages of small tetrapods from British Late Triassic fissure deposits. In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, N. C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues (eds.), Cambridge University Press 214-226 [R. Whatley/R. Whatley/R. Whatley]
14824ETE P. Galton. 2005. Basal sauropodomorph dinosaur taxa Thecodontosaurus Riley & Stutchbury, 1836, T. antiquus Morris, 1843 and T. caducus Yates, 2003: their status re: humeral morphs from the 1834 fissure fill (Upper Triassic) in Clifton, Bristol, UK. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(3, suppl.):61A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
44029 P. M. Galton and D. Kermack. 2010. The anatomy of Pantydraco caducus, a very basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Rhaetian (Upper Triassic) of South Wales, UK. Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève 29(2):341-404 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
37185 S. Howe. 1994. Extracting dinosaur trackways: a Welsh experience. The Geological Curator 6(2):83-88 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
64775 E. Keeble, D. I. Whiteside, and M. J. Benton. 2018. The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures, South Wales, UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia). Proceedings of the Geologists' Association [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
7469 D. Kermack. 1984. New prosauropod material from South Wales. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 82:101-117 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
57761 D. M. Martill, S. U. Vidovic, C. Howells and J. R. Nudds. 2016. The oldest Jurassic dinosaur: a basal neotheropod from the Hettangian of Great Britain. PLoS ONE 11(1):e0145713:1-38 [R. Butler/R. Butler/M. Carrano]
71100 E. L. Patrick, D. I. Whiteside, and M. J. Benton. 2019. A new crurotarsan archosaur from the Late Triassic of South Wales. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39(3):e1645147 [G. Lloyd/G. Lloyd]
9636 O. W. M. Rauhut and A. Hungerbühler. 2000. A review of European Triassic theropods. GAIA 15:75-88 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
12290 P. L. Robinson. 1957. The Mesozoic fissures of the Bristol Channel area and their vertebrate faunas. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 43:260-228 [R. Whatley/R. Whatley/R. Butler]
76451 R. Schouten. 2000. The Tytherington Thecodontosaurus, a prosauropod dinosaur. In M.-C. Buchy (ed.), 5th European Workshop on Vertebrate Palaeontology. Program. Abstracts. Excursion Guides 73 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
87573 M. J. Simms and K. Drost. 2024. Caves, dinosaurs and the Carnian Pluvial Episode: Recalibrating Britain’s Triassic karst ‘fissures'. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 638:112041 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
78307 S. N. F. Spiekman, M. D. Ezcurra, R. J. Butler, N. C. Fraser, and S. C. R. Maidment. 2021. Pendraig milnerae, a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales. Royal Society Open Science 8:210915 [E. Dunne/E. Dunne/P. Mannion]
59609 D. I. Whiteside, C. J. Duffin, P. G. Gill, J. E. A. Marshall, and M. J. Benton. 2016. The Late Triassic and Early Jurassic fissure faunas from Bristol and South Wales: stratigraphy and setting. Palaeontologia Polonica 67:257-287 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
25869ETE D. I. Whiteside and J. E. A. Marshall. 2008. The age, fauna and palaeoenvironment of the Late Triassic fissure deposits of Tytherington, South Gloucesterhire, UK. Geological Magazine 145(1):105-147 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/R. Butler]
10661ETE A. M. Yates. 2003. A new species of the primitive dinosaur Thecodontosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1(1):1-42 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]