Cal Orcko tracksite: Maastrichtian, Bolivia
collected by J. H. Heymann & K. Schuett, Suárez 1994, 1998, 2002–2003, 2006, 2009, 2015, 2017

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae
Meyer et al. 2018
Reptilia - Pterosauria
Pterosauria indet. (Kaup 1834)
Meyer et al. 2018
Reptilia
46 %-individuals
larger forms; morphotype A
McCrea et al. 2001
smaller forms, morphotype C
morphotype B
Meyer et al. 2021
morphotype D
Meyer et al. 2018 10 individuals
morphotype E (derived titanosaur); S 1260.01; S 1430.01; S 1480.02; S 1520.01; S 1560.01
34.5 %-individuals
Morphotype F (basal titanosaur); S 1080.01, S 1080.02; S 1150.01; S 1430.03; S1470.01, S 1480.01, S 1480.04; S 1490.03; S 1490.04
    = Calorckosauripus lazari n. gen., n. sp. Meyer et al. 2018
Meyer et al. 2018
17 individuals
morphotype K; T2/3/11, A 1200.01
Lockley et al. 2002
Lockley et al. 2002
morphotype G
Meyer et al. 2021
morphotype H
Reptilia - Hadrosauridae
Meyer et al. 2021
morphotype I
Reptilia - Crocodyliformes
Meyer et al. 2018
teeth
Reptilia
Testudinata indet. (Oppel 1811)
Meyer et al. 2018
Reptilia - Mosasauria
Meyer et al. 2018
unclassified
Meyer et al. 2018
Actinopteri - Siluriformes
Meyer et al. 2018
Actinopteri - Pycnodontiformes - Pycnodontidae
Meyer et al. 2018
see common names

Geography
Country:Bolivia State/province:Chuquisaca
Coordinates: 19.0° South, 65.2° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:20.1° South, 47.0° West (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Altitude:2830 meters
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period: Cretaceous Epoch: Late Cretaceous
Stage: Maastrichtian 10 m.y. bin: Cretaceous 8
Key time interval: Maastrichtian
Age range of interval: 72.2 - 66 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Puca Formation:El Molino
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: tracks at at least 9 stratigraphic levels
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:desiccation cracks sandy "limestone"
Secondary lithology:desiccation cracks,shelly/skeletal packstone
Includes fossils?Y
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "sandy limestone bedding plane." "The inner marginal lacustrine facies includes sandy limestones, oncolite-bearing pack- or grainstones and stromatolites/microbialites, showing episodic desiccation features and calcretes that formed under semiarid climatic conditions."
Environment:lacustrine - large
Geology comments: "alkaline perennial and ephemeral lakes with stromatolites"; "mosaic of lacustrine and marginal lacustrine facies...lake basin was shallow, with high productivity and significant evaporation, leading to fluctuating (lowering) of lake levels."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,mold/impression,trace
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Spatial orientation:preferred
Preservation of anatomical detail:medium
Associated major elements:many
Disassociated major elements:many
Temporal resolution:snapshot
Spatial resolution:autochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (in situ),observed (not collected)
Collection size:300 individuals
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:J. H. Heymann & K. Schuett, Suárez Collection dates:1994, 1998, 2002–2003, 2006, 2009, 2015, 2017
Metadata
Also known as:Cal Orck'o, Cal Orko
Database number:36234
Authorizer:M. Carrano Enterer:M. Carrano
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2004-01-19 15:19:50 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2004-01-19 15:19:50
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
82631. C. A. Meyer, D. Hippler, and M. G. Lockley. 2001. The Late Cretaceous vertebrate ichnofacies of Bolivia – facts and implications. VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial 7:133-138 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

69025 L. Alcalá, M. G. Lockley, A. Cobos, L. Mampel, and R. Royo-Torres. 2016. Evaluating the dinosaur track record: an integrative approach to understanding the regional and global distribution, scientific importance, preservation, and management of tracksites. In P. L. Falkingham, D. Marty, & A. Richter (eds.), Dinosaur Tracks: The Next Steps 100-116 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76344 C. Cónsole-Gonella, S. de Valais, R. A. Marquillas and M. Cristina Sánchez. 2017. The Maastrichtian–Danian Maimará tracksite (Yacoraite Formation, Salta Group), Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina: environments and ichnofacies implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 468:327-350 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
9715 M. G. Lockley, A. S. Schulp, C. A. Meyer, G. Leonardi, and D. K. Mamani. 2002. Titanosaurid trackways from the Upper Cretaceous of Bolivia: evidence for large manus, wide-gauge locomotion and gregarious behaviour. Cretaceous Research 23:383-400 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
9716 R. T. McCrea, M. G. Lockley, and C. A. Meyer. 2001. Global distribution of purported ankylosaur track occurrences. The Armored Dinosaurs, K. Carpenter (ed.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington 413-454 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76343 C. A. Meyer, D. Marty, and M. Belvedere. 2018. Titanosaur trackways from the Late Cretaceous El Molino Formation of Bolivia (Cal Orck’o, Sucre). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 88:223-241 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76342 C. A. Meyer, D. Marty, B. Thüring, S. Thüring, and M. Belvedere. 2021. The Late Cretaceous dinosaur track record of Bolivia – review and perspective. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 106:102992 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
83929 K. Niu and L. Xing. 2023. The first dinosaur track assemblages from the Upper Cretaceous Shaxian Formation, Fujian Province, southeastern China. Cretaceous Research 146 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
55488 M. Romano, M. A. Whyte, and S. J. Jackson. 2007. Trackway ratio: A new look at trackway gauge in the analysis of quadrupedal dinosaur trackways and its implications for ichnotaxonomy. Ichnos 14(3–4):257-270 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
73985 S. Strategy Plus, I.R.I.S. Environmental Systems, I. R. Solutions and R. T. McCrea. 2001. Tourism Opportunity Analysis: Dinosaur Tracks in the Grande Cache Area. Presented to Alberta Economic Development. [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76345 M. Suárez Riglos, R. Céspedes Paz, and O. Medina Ramirez. 2019. Ruta de Migracíon de los Dinosaurios en Bolivia [Migration Route of Dinosaurs in Bolivia] 1-104 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]