PBDB Collection

Level M, UCMP V70243: Wasatchian, Wyoming

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Mammalia - Primates - Omomyidae

	Omomyidae indet. Gazin 1958	Boyer et al. 2018
	"large omomyid"
Reptilia - Agamidae

	Tinosaurus sp. (Estes 1783)		1 specimen
	UCMP 215146 (left dentary fragment)
Reptilia - Iguanidae

	Suzanniwana sp. Smith 2009		35 specimens
	UCMP 215043 (right pterygoid fragment; Figure 3D), 215057 (frontal fragment), ?215060 (frontal fragment), 215070 (right maxilla fragment), 215109 (left dentary fragment), 215111, 215112 (right dentary fragments), 215170 (right maxilla fragment), 215171 (left dentary fragment), 215172 (right dentary fragment), 215201 (left dentary fragment), 215202 (right maxilla fragment), 215208 (frontal fragment), ?215226 (left dentary fragment), ?215230, ?215231 (premaxilla fragments), 215245 (partial left dentary), ?215250 (left dentary fragment), 215270 (partial right dentary), 215271 (partial left dentary), 215277, 215278 (right maxilla fragments), 215284 (anterior right maxilla fragment), 215319 (left maxilla fragment), 215320 (anterior left maxilla fragment), 215336 (right maxilla fragment), 215352 (right maxilla fragment), 215385 (dentary fragment), 215391 (right dentary fragment), 215393 (left dentary fragment), 215419, 215421 (right dentary fragments), 215553, 215558 (left maxilla fragments), 215569 (right dentary fragments).
Reptilia

	Scincoideus grassator Smith and Gauthier 2013		100 specimens
	UCMP 215047 (partial right frontal), 215049 (right frontal fragment), 215065 (right maxilla fragment), 215077 (left maxilla fragment), 215079 (right maxilla fragment), ?215081 (left maxilla fragment), 215095 (left dentary fragment), 215092 (left dentary fragment), 215094 (right dentary fragment), 215095 (left dentary fragment), 215096 (right dentary fragment), 215097 (left dentary fragment), 215101 (right dentary fragment), 215102, 215106 (left dentary fragments), 215110 (partial right dentary), 215128, 215129 (partial premaxillae), 215141 (right dentary fragment), 215151 (left dentary fragment), 215152, 215153 (right dentary fragments), 215155 (left dentary fragment), 215156, 215157 (right dentary fragments), 215158–215161 (left dentary fragments), 215162 (right dentary fragment), 215163 (left dentary fragment), 215164 (right dentary fragment), 215179 (left maxilla fragment), 215183, 215184 (partial left maxilla), 215185 (left maxilla fragment), 215188, 215190 (right maxilla fragments), 215191 (left maxilla fragment), 215207 (right frontal fragment), 215247, 215249, 215255, 215258 (left dentary fragments), 215287, 215290, 215291 (left maxilla fragments), 215292 (left dentary fragment), 215299 (left maxilla fragment), 215300 (partial left maxilla), 215312, 215313, 215315, 215317, 215318 (partial premaxillae), 215337 (right maxilla fragment), 215340, 215342 (left maxilla fragments), 215345 (right maxilla fragment), 215347, 215348, 215350, 215351, 215355 (right maxilla fragments), 215357, 215381 (left dentary fragments), 215382 (right dentary fragment), 215383, 215384 (partial right dentaries), 215386, 215388 (left dentary fragments), 215389 (dentary fragment), 215390 (right dentary fragment), 215392, 215394 (left dentary fragments), 215395–215399 (right dentary fragments), 215400, 215401 (left dentary fragments), 215402 (right dentary fragment), 215420 (left dentary fragment), 215422, 215423 (right dentary fragments), 215551, 215552 (left maxilla fragments), 215556 (right dentary fragment), 215566 (left dentary fragment), 215567 (partial left maxilla), 215568 (right dentary fragment), 215574 (left dentary fragment), 215602 (dentary fragment), 215604, 215605 (left dentary fragments), 215606, 215608, 215609, 215615 (right dentary fragments).
Reptilia - Xantusiidae

	Palaeoxantusia amara Smith and Gauthier 2013		42 specimens
	V70243: UCMP ?215075, ?215078 (left maxilla fragments), 215082 (right maxilla fragment), 215117, 215123, 215124 (right dentary fragments), 215125 (partial right dentary), 215139 (left dentary fragment), 215140 (right dentary fragment), 215143 (right maxilla fragment), 215175, 215182 (left maxilla fragment), 215189 (right maxilla fragment), 215265 (left dentary fragment), ?215267 (right dentary fragment), 215306 (left dentary fragment), ?215316 (partial premaxilla), 215321, 215331 (left maxilla fragment), 215349, 215360, 215361 (left maxilla fragments), 215362, 215363 (right maxilla fragments), 215367 (left maxilla fragment), ?215404 (edentulous left dentary fragment), 215405 (partial left spleniodentary), 215406, 215407 (left dentary fragment), 215408–215410 (right dentary fragments), 215411 (left dentary fragment), 215412, 215413 (right dentary fragment), 215414, 215415 (dentary fragments), 215416 (right dentary fragment), 215550 (right dentary fragment), 215562 (partial left spleniodentary), 215563 (partial right dentary), 215612 (right maxilla fragment);

	Palepidophyma paradisa Smith and Gauthier 2013		8 specimens
	UCMP 215069 (right maxilla fragment), 215263 (right dentary fragment), 215279 (partial right maxilla; Figure 11H), 215281 (right maxilla fragment), 215283 (left maxilla fragment), 215307 (partial premaxilla), 215418 (right dentary fragment), 215603 (right dentary fragment; Figure 11K).
Reptilia

	cf. Restes sp. Gauthier 1982		1 specimen
	UCMP 215532 (frontal fragment)
Reptilia - Anguidae

	Eodiploglossus borealis Gauthier 1982		1 specimen
	UCMP 215533, osteoderm

	Glyptosaurinae informal indet A		7 specimens
	UCMP 215121 (jaw fragment), 215222 (frontal fragment), 215376 (dentary fragment), 215523 (jaw fragment), 215613 (right dentary fragment), 215623 (jaw fragment), 215643 (partial left maxilla)

	Glyptosaurinae informal indet B		8 specimens
	UCMP ?215045 (skull fragment), ?215219 (dermal skull bone fragment), ?215225 (right maxilla fragment; Figure 20B), 215378 (left maxilla fragment), 215544 (skull fragment), 215619 (partial premaxilla; Figure 20A), 215620 (left maxilla fragment; Figure 20C), ?215625 (dermal skull bone fragment)

	Proxestops sp. Gauthier 1982	ElShafie 2024

	Xestops savagei n. sp. Smith and Gauthier 2013		38 specimens
	UCMP 146425 (holotype), partial parietal; Paratypes: UCMP ?215044 (right palatine fragment), ?215073 (right maxilla fragment), 215103 (right dentary fragment), 215108 (premaxilla fragment), 215115 (left dentary fragment), 215116 (right dentary fragment), 215118 (jaw fragment), 215119 (left maxilla fragment; Figure 23A), 215133 (premaxilla fragment), 215169 (left dentary fragment), 215196 (left maxilla fragment), 215197 (right maxilla fragment), 215198 (right maxilla fragment), 215199 (left maxilla fragment), 215220 (parietal fragment), 215227 (partial premaxilla), 215232 (partial right dentary), ?215235 (right dentary fragment), 215237 (right maxilla fragment), 215238 (jaw fragment), ?215240 (jaw fragment), 215242 (jaw fragment), 215243 (five jaw fragments), 215280 (left maxilla fragment), ?215282 (left maxilla fragment), 215327 (right dentary fragment), 215329 (right maxilla fragment), 215333 (partial premaxilla; Figure 19A), 215334 (right dentary fragment), 215335 (right maxilla fragment), 215429 (jaw fragment), 215473 (partial parietal), 215524 (right dentary fragment), 215540 (right frontal fragment), 215543 (left frontal fragment), 215571 (right maxilla fragment), 215622 (right dentary fragment).

	Gerrhonotinae indet. (Cope 1864)		3 specimens
	UCMP 215076 (right maxilla fragment), 215554 (left dentary fragment), 215595 (left maxilla fragment)
Reptilia

	cf. Saniwa informal sp. B		3 specimens
	UCMP 215438 (premaxilla fragment), 215578 (partial anterior dorsal vertebra), 399754 (right dentary fragment).

	Entomophontes incrustatus Smith and Gauthier 2013		21 specimens
	UCMP 215051 (right frontal fragment), 215072 (left maxilla fragment), 215113 (right dentary fragment), 215131 (partial premaxilla), 215147 (left dentary fragment), 215194 (left maxilla fragment), 215200 (left maxilla fragment), 215328, 215338 (right maxilla fragments), 215339 (left maxilla fragment), 215427, 215434 (jaw fragments), 215435 (teeth), 215436 (jaw fragment), 215474 (partial parietal), 215478 (partial right frontal), 215522 (right maxilla fragment), 215541 (parietal fragment; Figure 25A), 215547 (right maxilla fragment), 215564 (partial left frontal; Figure 24F), 215573 (left dentary fragment)
Reptilia - Necrosauridae

	Provaranosaurus fatuus Smith and Gauthier 2013		26 specimens
	UCMP 215052, 215053 (partial left frontal), 215054–215056 (partial right frontal), 215058 (left frontal fragment), 215059 (parietal fragment), 215114 (right dentary fragment), 215148 (right dentary fragment), 215205 (partial frontal), 215209 (partial right frontal), 215211 (partial frontal), 215217, 215218 (partial right frontals), 215241 (right dentary fragment), 215252 (left dentary fragment), 215324 (left maxilla fragment), 215476, 215477 (partial right frontals), 215531 (partial right frontal), 215536, 215537 (parietal fragments; Figure 29D, C, respectively), 215538 (partial right frontal), 215428 (left dentary fragment), 215542 (partial right frontal), 215804 (partial frontal; Figure 28L, M)
see common names

Geography

Country:	United States	State/province:	Wyoming	County:	Sweetwater
Coordinates:	41.7° North, 109.0° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	49.7° North, 82.2° West (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:	based on political unit

Time

Period:	Paleogene	Epoch:	Eocene
Stage:	Ypresian	10 m.y. bin:	Cenozoic 2
Key time interval:	Wasatchian	Mammal zone:	Wa4
Age range of interval:	54.9 - 50.5 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Formation:	Wasatch	Member:	Main Body
Local section:	Wa	Local bed:	Wa4
Local order:	bottom to top

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	gray siltstone
Secondary lithology:	sandstone
Lithology description: Level M represents fossiliferous gray siltstones as well as channel sandstones (Savage et al. 1972); the latter preserve channel lags of bone reworked from the siltstones, and the fauna of the two is identical.
Environment:	channel lag

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body
Size of fossils:	macrofossils,mesofossils

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	bulk,surface (float),sieve
Reason for describing collection:	general faunal/floral analysis
Museum repositories:	UCM,UCMP

Metadata

Also known as:	Patrick Draw Zonule "M", Bitter Creek area
Database number:	181313
Authorizer:	P. Barrett, P. Holroyd	Enterer:	T. Cleary, P. Holroyd
Modifier:	P. Holroyd	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	2016-09-06 06:01:50	Last modified:	2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:	the public	Released:	2016-09-06 06:01:50
Creative Commons license:	CC0

Reference information

Primary reference:

60296.

K. T. Smith and J. A. Gauthier. 2013. Early Eocene lizards of the Wasatch Formation near Bitter Creek, Wyoming: diversity and paleoenvironment during an interval of global warming. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 54(2):135-230 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]

Secondary references:

81902		D. M. Boyer, S. A. Maiolino, P. A. Holroyd, P. E. Morse, and J. I. Bloch. 2018. Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates. Journal of Human Evolution 122:1-22 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
87093		S. J. ElShafie. 2024. Body size estimation from isolated fossil bones reveals deep time evolutionary trends in North American lizards. PLoS ONE 19(1:e0296318):1-25 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
60297		K. T. Smith. 2011. The long-term history of dispersal among lizards in the early Eocene: new evidence from a microvertebrate assemblage in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming, USA. Palaeontology 54(6):1243-1270 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]