Carrot River Bonebed: Middle Cenomanian, Canada
collected by D. Hardie 1991-1994

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Actinopteri - Pachycormiformes - Pachycormidae
Actinopteri - Aspidorhynchiformes - Aspidorhynchidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Aulopiformes - Enchodontidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Salmoniformes
Salmoniformes indet. Bleeker 1859
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Crossognathiformes - Pachyrhizodontidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Ichthyodectiformes - Ichthyodectidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Pycnodontiformes - Pycnodontidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia - Testudines
Testudines indet. Batsch 1788
Tokaryk et al. 1997
Reptilia - Testudines - Protostegidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia - Plesiosauria - Pliosauridae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia - Plesiosauria - Elasmosauridae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia - Plesiosauria - Polycotylidae
Plesiosauria indet. de Blainville 1835
Tokaryk et al. 1997
    = Polycotylidae indet. Williston 1908
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Tokaryk et al. 1997 4 individuals
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia - Hesperornithiformes
Tokaryk et al. 1997
    = Hesperornithiformes indet. Fürbringer 1888
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Tokaryk et al. 1997 3 individuals
Tokaryk et al. 1997 9 individuals
Reptilia
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Archaeolamnidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Ptychodontidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Ptychodus anonymus Williston 1900
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Anacoracidae
Squalicorax sp. Whitley 1939
Squalicorax volgensis (Glickman 1971)
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Carchariidae
    = Carcharias sp. Rafinesque 1810
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Cretoxyrhinidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
    = Cretoxyrhina denticulata Glickman 1957
Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Cumbaa et al. 2006
see common names

Geography
Country:Canada State/province:Saskatchewan
Coordinates: 53.2° North, 103.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:59.2° North, 56.3° West (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:estimated from map
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period: Cretaceous Epoch: Late Cretaceous
Stage: Cenomanian 10 m.y. bin: Cretaceous 5
Key time interval: Middle Cenomanian
Age range of interval: 100.5 - 93.9 m.y. ago
Age estimate: minimum 95.17 ± 0.31 Ma (Ar/Ar)
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Colorado Formation:Belle Fourche
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: 40Ar/39Ar age from overlying bentonite = 95.17 ± 0.31 Ma
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:shelly/skeletal conglomerate
Secondary lithology: claystone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "A discontinuous bone breccia underlies a 3-5 cm bentonite layer. Probably deposited in shallow water less than 6 m deep, near the eastern shore of the Western Interior Seaway.""Soft, dark, carbonaceous shale...capped by a continuous, slightly undulating 3-5 cm thick bentonite."
Environment:marginal marine indet.
Geology comments: wave-tossed, nearshore marine
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Lagerst�tten type:concentrate
Degree of concentration:-bonebed
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:none
Associated major elements:none
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:D. Hardie Collection dates:1991-1994
Metadata
Also known as:SMNH locality 63E03-001
Database number:52997
Authorizer:M. Carrano, M. Clapham Enterer:K. Maguire, M. Carrano, M. Clapham
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2005-08-30 12:32:10 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2005-08-30 12:32:10
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
14701.ETE S. L. Cumbaa and T. T. Tokaryk. 1993. Early birds, crocodile tears, and fish tales: Cenomanian and Turonian marine vertebrates from Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(3, suppl.):31A-32A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

26995ETE S. L. Cumbaa, C. Schröder-Adams, R. G. Day and A. J. Phillips. 2006. Cenomanian bonebed faunas from the northeastern margin, Western Interior Seaway. In S. G. Lucas and R. M. Sullivan (eds.), Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:139-155 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
14326ETE T. T. Tokaryk, S. L. Cumbaa, and J. E. Storer. 1997. Early Late Cretaceous birds from Saskatchewan, Canada: the oldest diverse avifauna known from North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(1):172-176 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/M. Carrano]
73622 C. J. Underwood and S. L. Cumbaa. 2010. Chondrichthyans from a Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) bonebed, Saskatchewan, Canada. Palaeontology 53:903-944 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]