CTA-27: Priabonian - Rupelian, Peru

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Amphibia - Temnospondyli
Anura indet. (Fischer von Waldheim 1813)
Antoine et al. 2016
"leptodactyloid" postcrania
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Pipidae
Pipidae indet. Gray 1825
Antoine et al. 2016
postcrania
Reptilia - Testudines - Chelidae
? Chelidae indet. Gray 1825
Antoine et al. 2016
Reptilia - Testudines
Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)
Antoine et al. 2016
Reptilia
Anilioidea indet.
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
vertebra
Booidea indet. Gray 1825
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
vertebra
? Platynota indet. Baur 1890
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
vertebra
Reptilia - Sebecidae
cf. Sebecus sp. Stirton 1953
Antoine et al. 2016
many teeth and fragments
Reptilia
Gavialoidea indet. Brochu 1997
Antoine et al. 2016
several teeth and fragments
? Balanerodus sp. Langston 1965
Antoine et al. 2016 2 elements
tooth fragments
Caimaninae indet. Brochu 1999
Antoine et al. 2016
teeth & fragments
Mammalia - Cingulata
Cingulata indet. (Illiger 1811)
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
keeled scute
Mammalia - Cingulata - Dasypodidae
Stegosimpsonia cf. chubutana (Ameghino 1902)
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
one perforated scute
Mammalia - Rodentia
Canaanimys maquiensis n. gen., n. sp. Antoine et al. 2011
MUSM 1890 - holotype
Eobranisamys sp. Frailey and Campbell 2004
    = Eobranisamys javierpradoi n. sp. Boivin et al. 2017
Boivin et al. 2017
MUSM 1897 - type; referred material: MUSM 1896-1899, 2795, 2796, 2798-2801
Chachapoyamys cf. kathetos Boivin et al. 2021
Boivin et al. 2021
Cachiyacuy kummeli n. sp. Antoine et al. 2011
MUSM 1882 - type
Cachiyacuy contamanensis n. gen., n. sp. Antoine et al. 2011
MUSM 1871 - holotype
cf. Eoespina sp. Frailey and Campbell 2004
MUSM 1912, 1913 and 2802
Mammalia - Panameriungulata
Litopterna indet. Ameghino 1889
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
"fragmentary tooth"
Mammalia - Notoungulata
Toxodontia indet. Ameghino 1887
Antoine et al. 2016 2 elements
incisors
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Archaeohyracidae
Archaeohyracidae indet. Ameghino 1897
Antoine et al. 2016
"Eohyrax/Pseudhyrax/Punahyrax", several teeth
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Interatheriidae
Interatheriidae indet. (Ameghino 1887)
Antoine et al. 2016
several teeth
Interatheriinae indet. Simpson 1945
Antoine et al. 2016
Antepithecus/Notopithecus/Transpithecus
Mammalia - Astrapotheria - Trigonostylopidae
? Trigonostylops sp. Ameghino 1897
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
left p3
Mammalia
cf. Griphodon sp. Anthony 1924
Antoine et al. 2016
small-sized tooth fragments
Mammalia - Chiroptera - Molossidae
Molossidae indet. Gervais 1856
Antoine et al. 2016
lower teeth
Mammalia - Chiroptera - Phyllostomidae
Phyllostomatidae indet. Savage 1951
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
fragmentary lower tooth
Mammalia - Chiroptera
Microchiroptera indet. Dobson 1875
Antoine et al. 2016 1 element
fragmentary lower tooth
Mammalia - Sparassodonta - Borhyaenidae
Borhyaenidae indet. Savage 1951
Antoine et al. 2016
"very small"
Mammalia
Wamradolops sp. Goin and Candela 2004
Antoine et al. 2016
Mammalia - Didelphimorphia
Didelphimorphia informal indet. 2
Antoine et al. 2016
Didelphimorphia informal indet. 3
Antoine et al. 2016
Mammalia
Rumiodon sp. Goin and Candela 2004
Antoine et al. 2016
Mammalia - Paucituberculata - Caenolestidae
cf. Perulestes informal sp. 1
Antoine et al. 2016
small
cf. Perulestes informal sp. 2
Antoine et al. 2016
large
Mammalia - Paucituberculata - Palaeothentidae
Sasawatsu sp. Goin and Candela 2004
Antoine et al. 2016
Mammalia - Sudamericidae
? Sudamericidae indet. Scillato-Yané and Pascual 1984
Antoine et al. 2016
"probable sudamericid", two fragmentary teeth
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii indet. Cope 1887
Antoine et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Characiformes
Characiformes informal croc-like teeth
Antoine et al. 2016
Characiformes informal hook-like teeth
Antoine et al. 2016
Characiformes informal pad-like teeth
Antoine et al. 2016
Characiformes informal acuminate teeth
Antoine et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Characiformes - Anostomidae
cf. Leporinus sp. Lundberg 1997
Antoine et al. 2016 10 elements
teeth
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Potamotrygonidae
Potamotrygon ucayalensis n. sp. Adnet et al. 2014
Adnet et al. 2014 67 elements
unclassified
Baculatriletes sp.
Echimonocolopites sp.
Echipollenites sp.
Serrasalminae indet.
Antoine et al. 2016
hundreds of teeth
Ostracoda - Podocopida - Cytherideidae
Neocyprideis apostolescui
Antoine et al. 2016 1 specimen
Ostracoda - Podocopida - Ilyocyprididae
Ilyocypris aff. lusitanica
Antoine et al. 2016 1 specimen
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Trichodactylidae
Trichodactylidae indet. Milne-Edwards 1853
Antoine et al. 2016
Gastropoda
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795
Antoine et al. 2016
planispiraled inner cast
Gastropoda - Pachychilidae
Pachychilidae indet. Troschel 1857
Antoine et al. 2016
inner cast
Bivalvia - Unionida - Hyriidae
? Hyriidae indet. Swainson 1840
Antoine et al. 2016
shell prints
unclassified
Fungi indet. Jahn and Jahn 1959
Melanconiales - Dematiaceae
Tetraploa aristata
Dinophyceae - Gonyaulacales - Gonyaulacaceae
Lingulodinium sp. Wall 1967
unclassified
Scabratricolpites sp. Van der Hammen 1956
Echimonoletes sp. der Hammen
Pteridopsida
Echinatisporis sp. Krutzsch 1959
? Polypodiaceoisporites fossulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
unclassified
Psilatriletes sp. Potonié 1956
Lycopsida
Foveotriletes sp. Van der Hammen and Potonié 1956
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiaceae
Trichotomosulcites biconicus
as Trichotomosulcites "biconicus"
Trichotomosulcites sp. Couper 1953
Laevigatosporites sp. Ibrahim 1933
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiales
Polypodiisporites sp. Potonié 1931
Equisetopsida - Cupressales
Inaperturopollenites sp. Potonié 1966
Equisetopsida - Araucariaceae
Cyclusphaera aff. scabrata
unclassified
Foveomonocolpites sp. Wijmstra 1971
Psilatricolpites oblatus
as Psilatricolpites "oblatus"
Psilatricolpites plicatus
as Psilatricolpites "plicatus"
Psilatricolpites polaris
as Psilatricolpites "polaris"
Psilatricolpites sp. Van der Hammen and Wijmstra 1964
Scabratriporites verticilatus
as Scabratriporites "verticilatus"
Psilastephanoporites exinatus
as Psilastephanoporites "exinatus"
Psilastephanoporites sp. Regali et al. 1974
Retibrevitricolporites sp. Legoux 1978
Retitrescolpites sp. Sah 1967
Retitrescolpites magnus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Psilastephanocolpites longicolpus
as Psilastephanocolpites "longicolpus"
Retipollenites sp. González-Guzmán 1967
Loranthacites pelusoides
as Loranthacites "pelusoides"
Retitricolpites equatocolumellatus
as Retitricolpites "equatocolumellatus"
Retitricolpites sp. Van der Hammen 1956
Retitricolpites simplex González-Guzmán 1967
Foveotricolpites sp. Pierce 1961
Retistephanocolpites muriperforatus
as Retistephanocolpites "muriperforatus"
Retistephanocolpites sp. Leidelmeyer 1966
Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Podocarpidites sp. Cookson 1947
Magnoliopsida
Striatopollis sp. Krutzsch 1959
Striatopollis catatumbus Gonzalez-Guzman 1967
Striatricolporites porolalongatus
as Striatricolporites "porolalongatus"
Striatricolporites reticulatus
as Striatricolporites "reticulatus"
Striatricolporites sp. Leidelmeyer 1966
Striatricolporites digitatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Psilatricolporites pseudomarginatus
as Psilatricolporites "pseudomarginatus"
Psilatricolporites sp. Pierce 1961
Retitricolporites colpotransversalis
as Retitricolporites "colpotransversalis"
Retitricolporites porolalongatus
as Retitricolporites "porolalongatus"
Retitricolporites pseudorhoipites
as Retitricolporites "pseudorhoipites"
Retitricolporites sp. Van der Hammen and Wymstra 1964
Foveotricolporites porololongatus
as Foveotricolporites "porololongatus"
Rhoipites prolatus
as Rhoipites "prolatus"
Gemmamonocolpites sp. Van der Hammen and Garcia 1966
Angiospermae
Retimonocolpites sp. Pierce 1961
Angiospermae - Araceae
Proxapertites minutus
Proxapertites psilatus Sarmiento 1992
Proxapertites psilatus Sarmiento 1992
Angiospermae - Gunnerales
Tricolpites crassoexinatus
as Tricolpites "crassoexinatus"
Tricolpites clarensis
Angiospermae - Solanales - Convolvulaceae
Perfotricolpites digitatus González-Guzmán 1967
Angiospermae - Gentianales - Apocynaceae
Cricotriporites macroporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Angiospermae
Tetraporopollenites sp. Frantz 1960
Angiospermae - Malvales - Bombacaceae
Bombacacidites cf. baumfalki
Angiospermae - Malvales
Echiperiporites sp. Anzotegui and Cuadrado 1996
Echiperiporites cf. estelae Germeraad et al. 1968
Echiperiporites estelae Germeraad et al. 1968
Angiospermae - Malpighiales - Malpighiaceae
Perisyncolporites pokornyi Germeraad et al. 1968
Angiospermae - Fabales - Fabaceae
Margocolporites vanwijhei Germeraad et al. 1968
Spirosyncolpites spiralis González-Guzmán 1967
Polyadopollenites sp. Pflug and Thomson 1953
Angiospermae - Myrtales - Onagraceae
Corsinipollenites psilatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Angiospermae
Stephanocolpites sp. Van der Hammen 1954
unclassified
Monocolpites sp. Van der Hammen 1954
Lycopodiopsida - Lycopodiales
Retitriletes sp. Pierce 1961
unclassified
Striatricolpites pseudoreticulatus
as Striatricolpites "pseudoreticulatus"
Striatricolpites transversalis
as Striatricolpites "transversalis"
Psilatriporites sp. Van der Hammen
Striatriletes radiatus
as Striatriletes "radiatus"
Scabratriletes sp. Van der Hammen
Psilaperiporites diminutus
as Psilaperiporites "diminutus"
Psilaperiporites intensus
as Psilaperiporites "intensus"
Tetracolporopollenites perforatus
as Tetracolporopollenites "perforatus"
see common names

Geography
Country:Peru State/province:Loreto County:Contamana
Coordinates: 7.3° South, 74.9° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:7.9° South, 62.1° West (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period: Paleogene Epoch: Eocene - Oligocene
Stage: Priabonian - Rupelian 10 m.y. bin: Cenozoic 3 - Cenozoic 4
Key time interval: Priabonian - Rupelian
Age range of interval: 37.71 - 27.82 m.y. ago
Age estimate: 30.98 Ma (other)36.46 to 24.62 Ma (other)
Stratigraphy
Formation:Pozo Member:Gran Barranca
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: Campbell et al. (2021). The first appearance datum for Caviomorpha in South America is purported to be the CTA-27 site in the Contamana region of Perú, which is hypothesized to be ∼41 Ma (Middle Eocene) in age. However, the presence of the same caviomorph species and/or genera at both CTA-27 and at Santa Rosa is now difficult to reconcile with a >11-My age difference. To further test the Middle Eocene age estimate for CTA-27, we ran multiple Bayesian tip-dating analyses of Caviomorpha, treating the ages of all Paleogene species from Perú as unknown. These analyses produced mean age estimates for Santa Rosa that closely approximate the maximum 29.6 ± 0.08 Ma composite date provided by detrital zircons, but predict that CTA-27 is much younger than currently thought (∼30 Ma). We conclude that the ∼41 Ma age proposed for CTA-27 is incorrect, and that there are currently no compelling Eocene records of either rodents or primates in the known fossil record of South America.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: lithified muddy claystone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: 30-cm-thick lens of light-grey clay with irregular limestone concretions at the top of the Yahuarango Formation
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,original phosphate
Size of fossils:mesofossils,microfossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes:all microfossils
Collection methods:field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: Museum repository: Museum of Natural Hisotory in Lima, Peru
Metadata
Also known as:CTA 27; Contamana
Database number:144474
Authorizer:C. Jaramillo, P. Mannion, J. Zijlstra, M. Uhen Enterer:A. Cárdenas, P. Mannion, J. Zijlstra, M. Uhen
Modifier:K. Pino
Created:2013-05-08 08:59:40 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:authorizer only Released:2015-05-08 08:59:40
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
46714. P. O. Antoine, L. Marivaux, D. A. Croft, G. Billet, M. Ganerod, C. Jaramillo, T. Martin, M. Orliac, J. Tejada, A. J. Altamirano, F. Duranthon, G. Fanjat, S. Rousse and R. Salas-Gismondi. 2011. Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography. Proceedings of The Royal Society B 279:1319-1326 [C. Jaramillo/A. Cárdenas]

Secondary references:

70149 S. Adnet, R. S. Gismondi, and P.-O. Antoine. 2014. Comparisons of dental morphology in river stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) with new fossils from the middle Eocene of Peruvian Amazonia rekindle debate on their evolution. Naturwissenschaften 101(1):33-45 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
57830 P. Antoine, M. A. Abello, S. Adnet, A. J. A. Sierra, P. Baby, G. Billet, M. Boivin, Y. Calderón, A. Candela, J. Chabain, and F. Corfu. 2016. A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru. Gondwana Research 31:30-59 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/P. Wagner]
62609 M. Boivin, L. Marivaux, M. J. Orliac, F. Pujos, R. Salas-Gismondi, J. V. Tejada-Lara, and P.-O. Antoine. 2017. Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia. Palaeontologia Electronica 20(1):19A:1-50 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
77106 M. Boivin, L. Marivaux, W. Aguirre‐Diaz, M. Andriolli Custódio, A. Benites‐Palomino, F. Pujos, M. Roddaz, R. Salas‐Gismondi, J. V. Tejada‐Lara and J. Yans Antoine. 2021. Eocene caviomorph rodents from Balsayacu (Peruvian Amazonia). PalZ [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
85343 K. E. Campbell, P. B. O'Sullivan, J. G. Fleagle, D. Vries, and E. R. Seiffert. 2021. An Early Oligocene age for the oldest known monkeys and rodents of South America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118(37):1-8 [J. Carrillo/K. Pino]