PBDB Collection

USNO - Brown Sands: Pliocene, Ethiopia

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae

	Deinotherium indet. Kaup 1829
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae

	Archidiskodon indet. Pohling 1888		10 specimens
	= Elephas ekorensis Maglio 1970	Leakey 1982
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae

	Enhydriodon sp. Falconer 1868	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
	ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: sp.nov.

	Lutra sp. Brisson 1762	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
Mammalia - Carnivora - Viverridae

	Viverra leakeyi Petter 1963	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae

	Hyaena sp. Brisson 1762	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae

	Carnivora indet. Bowdich 1821		1 specimen
	= Felis caracal Schreber 1776	Leakey 1982

	Panthera cf. pardus (Linnaeus 1758)	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae

	Rhinocerotidae indet. Gray 1821		1 specimen
	= Ceratotherium simum Burchell 1821	Leakey 1982

	Diceros bicornis (Linnaeus 1758)	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

	Equidae indet. Gray 1821		3 specimens
	= Hipparion sp. de Christol 1832	Leakey 1982
Mammalia - Suidae

	Suidae indet. Gray 1821		48 specimens

	Notochoerus scotti (Leakey 1943)	Leakey 1982	1 specimen

	Nyanzachoerus sp. Leakey 1958	Leakey 1982	1 specimen

	cf. Nyanzachoerus sp. Leakey 1958	Leakey 1982	1 specimen

	Nyanzachoerus kanamensis Leakey 1958	Leakey 1982	4 specimens

	cf. Nyanzachoerus kanamensis Leakey 1958	Leakey 1982	1 specimen

	Notochoerus euilus (Hopwood 1926)	Leakey 1982	32 specimens

	Kolpochoerus afarensis Cooke 1978	Leakey 1982	5 specimens
	ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: sensu C+W

	Metridiochoerus jacksoni	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
	ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: sensu C+W
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae

	Hippopotamus indet. Linnaeus 1758		11 specimens
	= Hippopotamus protoamphibius	Leakey 1982
	= Hippopotamus protamphibius Arambourg 1944	Geze 1985
	n. subspecies turkanensis
Mammalia - Bovidae

	Bovidae indet. Gray 1821	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
	ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Antilopini

	Bovidae indet. Gray 1821	Leakey 1982	2 specimens
	ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Alcelaphini

	Bovidae indet. Gray 1821	Leakey 1982	1 specimen
	ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovini

	Bovidae indet. Gray 1821		2 specimens
	= Tragelaphus nakuae Arambourg 1941	Leakey 1982
Mammalia - Giraffidae

	Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821
Mammalia - Primates - Cercopithecidae

	Rhinocolobus turkanaensis Leakey 1982	Leakey 1982	14 specimens

	Paracolobus mutiwa Leakey 1982	Leakey 1982	2 specimens
Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae

	Hominidae indet. Gray 1825		16 specimens
	ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hominidae
Mammalia - Rodentia - Hystricidae

	Hystrix indet. Linnaeus 1758
unclassified

	Cercopithecoides indet. Mollett 1947
	ETE occurrence; species: or Paracolobus mutiwa
	= Rhinocologus turkanaensis	Leakey 1982
see common names

Geography

Country:	Ethiopia
Coordinates:	5.3° North, 36.2° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	4.2° North, 36.1° East (Wright 2013)
Geographic resolution:	basin

Time

Period:	Neogene	Epoch:	Pliocene
10 m.y. bin:	Cenozoic 6
*Period:	Tertiary - Tertiary	*Epoch:	Pliocene - Pliocene
Key time interval:	Pliocene	Zone:	max: zone min: zone
Age range of interval:	5.333 - 2.58 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields

Stratigraphy

Geological group:	Omo	Formation:	USNO	Member:	U-12
Local bed:	U-12-2 to 3
Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: Max = U - 11/12 boundary (paleomag), Min = U-14 (paleomag)

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	desiccation cracks sandstone
Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: unconsolidated, ETE lithology comments: gravelly, stratified coarse sand
Geology comments: ETE sed env 1: fluvial, ETE sed env 2: channel ETE event: ., ETE env comment: fluvial-deltaic, marshes and swamps

Taphonomy

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	surface (in situ)
Collection size:	165 specimens
Collection method comments: ETE Size: macro; ETE reference list: 415, 414, 412, 411, 409, 123, 121, 104, ; ETE museum list: BMNH: British Museum (Natural History), ENM, IPP, KNM, MNHN: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, UCBE

Metadata

Also known as:	ETE Locality 573, USNO - Brown Sands,
Database number:	21755
Authorizer:	A. Behrensmeyer, M. Uhen, J. Alroy	Enterer:	A. Behrensmeyer, E. Leckey, M. Uhen, J. Damuth
Modifier:	E. Leckey
Created:	1995-08-30 00:00:00	Last modified:	2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:	the public	Released:	1995-08-30 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:	CC0

Reference information

Primary reference:

9358.

5% 39680

F. C. Howell, L. S. Fichter, and G. Eck. 1969. Vertebrate assemblages from the Usno Formation, White Sands and Brown Sands localities, lower Omo basin, Ethiopia. Quaternaria 11:65-88 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/E. Leckey]

Secondary references:

33267		R. Geze. 1985. Repartition paleoecologique et relations phylogenetiques des Hippopotamidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) du Neogene d'Afrique orientale. Environment des hominides au Plio-Pleistocene 81-100 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
4447	ETE 81	M. G. Leakey. 1982. Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 58:153-172 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]