PBDB Collection

Crato (AMNH collection): Late Aptian, Brazil
collected by Herbert Axelrod

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Arachnida - Scorpiones - Protoischnuridae

	Protoischnurus axelrodorum de Carvalho and Lourenço 2001	de Carvalho and Lourenço 2001	5 specimens
	AMNH SF-Chel1(2a), SF-Chel2(2b), SF-Chel3(3), SF-Chel4(4), SF-Chel6(7)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera

	Ephemeroptera informal incertae sedis sp. 1	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	larva

	Ephemeroptera informal incertae sedis sp. 2	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	larva

	Ephemeroidea informal sp. 1	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (adult) (1 measurement)

	Ephemeroidea informal sp. 2	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (? adult female) (2 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Australiphemeridae

	Microphemera neotropica n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	adult (2 measurements)

	Australiphemera revelata n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	2 specimens
	adult (2 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Oligoneuriidae

	Colocrus indivicum n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43484
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Euthyplociidae

	Pristiplocia rupestris n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	3 specimens
	adult (3 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Leptophlebiidae

	? Leptophlebiidae informal sp. 1	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	larva

	? Leptophlebiidae informal sp. 2	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (? adult female) (2 measurements)

	? Leptophlebiidae informal sp. 3	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (? adult female) (3 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Siphlonuridae

	? Siphlonuridae informal sp. 1	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (adult) (1 measurement)

	? Siphlonuridae informal sp. 2	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (adult) female (2 measurements)

	? Siphlonuridae informal sp. 3	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (?adult) (3 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Hexagenitidae

	Protoligoneuria limai Demoulin 1955	McCafferty 1990	77 specimens
	larvae
	= Palaeobaetodes costalimai Brito 1987	Martins-Neto 1996

	Siphgondwanus occidentalis n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	larvae

	Hexagenitidae indet. Lameere 1917	Storari et al. 2020	1 specimen
	AMNH 43499 (adult paratype of Colocrus indivicum) (3 measurements)
	= Protoligoneuria heloisae n. sp. Storari et al. 2021	Storari et al. 2021
Insecta

	Cretereisma sp. Willmann 2007	Martill et al. 2007	1 specimen
	Figured by Grimaldi & Engel (2005, fig 6.13)
Insecta - Odonata - Gomphaeschnidae

	Gomphaeschna obliqua n. sp. Wighton 1987	Wighton 1987	1 specimen
	AMNH 43257 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Odonata - Proterogomphidae

	Cordulagomphus fenestratus n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	(5 measurements)

	Cordulagomphus tuberculatus n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	(3 measurements)
Insecta - Odonata - Nothomacromiidae

	Pseudomacromia sensibilis n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	larva
Insecta - Odonata - Aeschnidiidae

	Wightonia araripina n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	7 specimens
	5 in Bechly, 1998 (7 measurements)
Insecta - Odonata - Thaumatoneuridae

	Euarchistigma atrophium n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 44204 (9 measurements)
Insecta - Odonata - Protoneuridae

	Eoprotoneura hyperstigma n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	3 specimens
	AMNH 44201-44203 (6 measurements)
Insecta - Blattaria - Blattulidae

	Elisama americana n. sp. Vršanský 2002	Vršanský 2002	1 specimen
	AMNH XX (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Achilidae

	Acixiites costalis n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(3 measurements)

	Acixiites immodesta n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera

	Megaleurodes megocellata n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Lalacidae

	Lalax sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen

	Lalax mutabilis n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	? Patulopes sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Patulopes setosa n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Patulopes myndoides n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Carpopodus informal sp. A	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen

	Carpopodus informal sp. B	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen

	Carpopodus difficilis n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Psestocixius delphax n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Psestocixius fuscus n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Vulcanoia apicalis n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Vulcanoia acuceps n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Vulcanoia sp. Martins-Neto 1988	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	? Kinnarocixius sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Kinnarocixius quassus n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Ancorale sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Ancorale aschemon n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Ancorale flaccidum n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Protodelphax sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Protodelphax rhinion n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Protodelphax miles n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Protodelphax macroceps n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Protodelphax chamus n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Cixiidae

	? Cixiidae indet. Spinola 1839	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Cercopionidae

	Cercopion reticulata n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Cicadellidae

	Hallex gracilior n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	7 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex laticeps n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex xestocephalus n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	17 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex brevipes n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	3 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex gongrogony n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	6 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Platyjassites sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Platyjassites inflatifrons n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Paracarsonus aphrodoides n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	? Proerrhomus informal sp. A	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens

	? Proerrhomus informal sp. B	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen

	Proerrhomus rugosus n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera

	Ovojassus concavifer n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Ovojassus minor n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Tettigarctidae

	Architettix compacta n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	3 specimens
	Includes one nymph questionably assigned (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Hydrometridae

	Cretaceometra brasiliensis Nel and Popov 2000	Nel and Popov 2000	1 specimen
Insecta - Chresmodidae

	Chresmoda neotropica Engel and Heads 2008	Delclòs et al. 2008	1 specimen
	AMNH SA-46446
Insecta - Mantodea - Santanmantidae

	Santanmantis axelrodi n. gen., n. sp. Grimaldi 2003	Grimaldi 2003	1 specimen
	AMNH 1956, 1957 (4 measurements)
Insecta - Alienoptera - Umenocoleidae

	Ponopterix axelrodi n. gen., n. sp. Vršanský and Grimaldi 1999	Vršanský 1999	12 specimens
	AMNH 43800, 405, 434, 451, 498, 43306, 43360, 43801, 43803, 43963, 43999, 1-6, 8-11 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Blattodea

	Mariconitermes talicei Fontes and Vulcano 1998	Grimaldi et al. 2008	2 specimens
	AMNH Sa-12, 15

	Meiatermes hariolus n. sp. Grimaldi 2008	Grimaldi et al. 2008	1 specimen
	AMNH Sa-122 (2 measurements)

	Meiatermes araripena n. gen., n. sp. Krishna 1990	Krishna 1990	16 specimens
	AMNH 43901-3; 13 in Grimaldi et al. AMNH Sa-17,8,11,12,14,15,16,21,25,27,28,29,30 (15 measurements)
Insecta - Blattodea - Cratomastotermitidae

	Cratomastotermes wolfschwenningeri Bechly 2007	Grimaldi et al. 2008	1 specimen
	AMNH Sa-11 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Orthoptera - Locustopsidae

	Cratozeunerella godoii Martins-Neto 2003	Martins-Neto 2003	1 specimen
	AMNH-43868 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Orthoptera - Baissogryllidae

	Cearagryllus cf. perforatorius Martins-Neto 1991	Martins-Neto 1991	1 specimen
	AMNH-43892
Insecta - Orthoptera - Elcanidae

	Cratoelcana damianii Martins-Neto 1991	Martins-Neto 1991	9 specimens
	(18 measurements)

	Cratoelcana zessini Martins-Neto 1991	Martins-Neto 1991	2 specimens
	AMNH-43878, 43883 (4 measurements)
Insecta - Dermaptera - Anisolabididae

	Kotejalabis goethitica n. gen., n. sp. Engel and Chatzimanolis 2005	Engel and Chatzimanolis 2005	2 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Cretolabia cearae n. gen., n. sp. Popham 1990	Popham 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)
Insecta - Dermaptera

	Cordulagomphus santanensis n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Sepulcidae

	Prosyntexis gouleti n. gen., n. sp. Sharkey 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43270 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Proctotrupidae

	Protoprocto asodes n. gen., n. sp. Sharkey 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 44101 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Mesoserphidae

	Mesoserphidae indet. Kozlov 1970	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43272 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera

	Aculeata indet. (Latreille 1802)	Darling and Sharkey 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43274,44100
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Thynnidae

	Architiphia rasnitsyni n. gen., n. sp. Darling 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43265 (3 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Ampulicidae

	? Ampulicinae indet. Shuckard 1840	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 44108
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Angarosphecidae

	Cretosphex parvus n. sp. Darling 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	3 specimens
	AMNH 43264,44104,44106 (3 measurements)

	Cretosphex magnus Darling 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43267,44107 (3 measurements)

	Mesorhopalosoma cearae n. gen., n. sp. Darling 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	4 specimens
	AMNH 43266,43276,44103,44109 (6 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Ephialtitidae

	Karataus kourios n. sp. Sharkey 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43268,43269 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Diptera

	Chironomoidea indet. Macquart 1838	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43503
Insecta - Diptera - Therevidae

	? Therevidae indet. Newman 1834	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43511
Insecta - Diptera - Asilidae

	Araripogon informal sp. 2?	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43512

	Araripogon axelrodi n. gen., n. sp. Grimaldi 1990	Grimaldi 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43514,43507
Insecta - Diptera

	Sciaroidea indet. Billberg 1820	Grimaldi 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43505,43506
Insecta - Diptera - Mycetophilidae

	Mycetophilidae indet. Newman 1834	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43502
Insecta - Diptera - Bibionidae

	? Bibionidae indet. Fleming 1821	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43504
Insecta - Diptera

	? Tipulomorpha indet.	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43501
Insecta - Diptera - Tipulidae

	Tipulidae indet. (Latreille 1802)	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43500

	Leptotarsus cretaceus n. sp. Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014	Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014	1 specimen
	AMNH SA 46354 (2 measurements)

	Leptotarsus grimaldii n. sp. Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014	Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014	2 specimens
	AMNH SA 46358, 46366 (3 measurements)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Mastigocoleidae

	Mastigocoleus rhinoceros Tihelka and Cai 2022	Tihelka et al. 2022	1 specimen
	AMNH SA43296 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Nemonychidae

	Cratomacer ephippiger n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	2 specimens
	AMNH 73630, 73629 (2 measurements)

	Cratomacer cf. ephippiger Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 43317

	Cratomacer immersus n. gen., n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	7 specimens
	AMNH 43313, 43291, 43311, 43314, 44150, 44159, 73631 All complete bodies (1 measurement)

	Belidae indet. Schoenherr 1826	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 43316 (1 measurement)
	= Brasilnemonyx zherichini n. gen., n. sp. Legalov 2009	Legalov 2009
Insecta - Coleoptera - Belidae

	Davidibelus cearensis n. gen., n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 73628 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Caridae

	Martinsnetoa dubia n. gen., n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 43315 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Brentidae

	Axelrodiellus ruptus n. gen., n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 43312 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Staphylinidae

	? Paederinae indet. (Fleming 1821)	Chatzimanolis 2018	1 specimen
	AMNH SA46246

	Cryptobiina indet. (Casey 1905)	Chatzimanolis 2018	1 specimen
	AMNH SA46271
Insecta - Neuroptera - Myrmeleontidae

	Pseudonymphes ponomarenkoi Martins-Neto 1992	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44401

	Blittersdorffia polyplusia n. sp. Martins-Neto 1997	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 43288 (2 measurements)

	Blittersdorffia pleoneura Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1989	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44410
Insecta - Neuroptera - Palaeoleontidae

	Neurastenyx polyhymnia n. sp. Martins-Neto 1997	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44412 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Neuroptera - Araripeneuridae

	Caririneura damianii Martins-Neto 1992	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 43289
Insecta - Neuroptera - Mesochrysopidae

	Karenina breviptera n. gen., n. sp. Martins-Neto 1997	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44411 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Neuroptera - Chrysopidae

	Limaia adicotomica n. sp. Martins-Neto 1997	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44402 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Raphidioptera

	Raphidioptera indet. (Handlirsch 1908)	Oswald 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 44406 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Raphidioptera - Baissopteridae

	Baissoptera brasiliensis n. sp. Oswald 1990	Oswald 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43287,44400/44407 (4 measurements)
see common names

Geography

Country:	Brazil	State/province:	Ceará
Coordinates:	7.1° South, 39.7° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	5.0° South, 2.6° East (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:	estimated from map
Geographic resolution:	local area

Time

Period:	Cretaceous	Epoch:	Early Cretaceous
10 m.y. bin:	Cretaceous 2-3
Key time interval:	Late Aptian
Age range of interval:	119.57 - 113.2 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Geological group:	Santana	Formation:	Crato
Stratigraphic resolution:	group of beds

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	lithified "carbonate"
Environment:	lacustrine - large	Tectonic setting:	rift

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	adpression
Size of fossils:	macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:	medium

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	surface (in situ)
Reason for describing collection:	taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:	AMNH
Collectors:	Herbert Axelrod
Collection method comments: Holotypes and some voucher specimens have been returned to Brazil. They are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo.

Metadata

Database number:	122352
Authorizer:	M. Clapham	Enterer:	M. Clapham, J. Karr
Modifier:	G. Varnham	Research group:	paleoentomology
Created:	2011-12-22 03:34:56	Last modified:	2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:	the public	Released:	2011-12-22 03:34:56
Creative Commons license:	CC0

Reference information

Primary reference:

5836.

ETE 1602

D. A. Grimaldi. 1990. Insects from the Santana formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:1-191 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Clapham]

Secondary references:

35354		F. L. Carle and D. C. Wighton. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 3: Odonata. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:51-68 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
67782		S. Chatzimanolis. 2018. A review of the fossil history of Staphylinoidea. In O. Betz, U. Irmler, J. Klimaszewski (eds.), Biology of Rove Beetles (Staphylinidae): Life History, Evolution, Ecology and Distribution 27-45 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
38947		D. C. Darling and M. J. Sharkey. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 7: Order Hymenoptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:123-153 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
49630		M. G. P. de Carvalho and W. R. Lourenço. 2001. A new family of fossil scorpions from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes 332:711-716 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
41244		X. Delclòs, A. Nel, D. Azar, G. Bechly, J. A. Dunlop, M. S. Engel, and S. W. Heads. 2008. The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): new palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 247:353-381 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40428		M. S. Engel and S. Chatzimanolis. 2005. Early Cretaceous earwigs (Dermaptera) from the Santana Formation, Brazil. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 74:219-226 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
38951		D. Grimaldi. 1990. Insects from the Santana formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil - Chapter 9. Diptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:164-183 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40188		D. Grimaldi. 2003. A revision of Cretaceous mantises and their relationships, including new taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea). American Museum Novitates 3412:1-47 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
45425		D. A. Grimaldi, M. S. Engel, and K. Krishna. 2008. The species of Isoptera (Insecta) from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation: a revision. American Museum Novitates 3626:1-30 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35358		K. G. A. Hamilton. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 6: Homoptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:82-122 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35357		K. Krishna. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 5: Isoptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:76-81 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39573		A. A. Legalov. 2009. Contribution to the knowledge of the Mesozoic Curculionoidea (Coleoptera). Amurian Zoological Journal 1:283-295 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40729		D. M. Martill, G. Bechly, and R. F. Loveridge. 2007. The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World 1-625 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47962		R. G. Martins-Neto. 1991. Sistemática dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da formação Santana, Cretáceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia 14(32):5-160 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/M. Clapham]
5844	ETE 1610	R. G. Martins-Neto. 1996. New Mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Araripe Basin, Northeastern Brazil. Revista Española de Paleontologia 11:177-192 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Clapham]
55909		R. G. Martins-Neto. 1997. Neurópteros (Insecta, Planipennia) da Formação Santana (Cretáceo Inferior), Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. X - descrição de novos táxons (Chrysopidae, Babinskaiidae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphiidae e Psychopsidae). Revista da Universidade de Guarulhos, Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas 2(4):68-83 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35353		W. P. McCafferty. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Chapter 2: Ephemeroptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:20-50 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48722		A. Nel and Y. A. Popov. 2000. The oldest known fossil Hydrometridae from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha). Journal of Natural History 34:2315-2322 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
38950		J. D. Oswald. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 8: Raphidioptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:154-163 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35356		E. J. Popham. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 4: Dermaptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:69-75 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/R. Day]
50631		G. C. Ribeiro and E. D. Lukashevich. 2014. New Leptotarsus from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and Spain: the oldest members of the family Tipulidae (Diptera). Zootaxa 3753:347-363 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
81770		A. P. Storari, R. J. Godunko, F. F. Salles, A. A. F. Saraiva, A. H. Staniczek and T. Rodrigues. 2021. An overview of the Hexagenitidae (Ephemeroptera) from the Crato Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil, with the description of a new species. Historical Biology 34:875-884 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
74173		A. P. Storari, T. Rodrigues, A. A. F. Saraiva and F. F. Salles. 2020. Unmasking a gap: A new oligoneuriid fossil (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) from the Crato Formation (upper Aptian), Araripe Basin, NE Brazil, with comments on Colocrus McCafferty. PLoS One 15(e0240365) [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
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