Lebanese amber, Mdeyrij-Hammana (LU collection): Early Barremian, Lebanon

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Myriapoda - Polyxenida - Polyxenidae
Libanoxenus hammanaensis n. gen., n. sp. Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin and Azar 2004
Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin and Azar 2004 1 specimen
Azar 633
Insecta - Archaeognatha - Meinertellidae
Glaesimeinertellus intermedius n. gen., n. sp. Sánchez-García et al. 2019
Sánchez-García et al. 2019 1 specimen
Azar 1222 (1 measurement)
Macropsontus bachae n. sp. Sánchez-García et al. 2019
Sánchez-García et al. 2019 1 specimen
Azar 1565 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Blattaria - Cratovitismidae
Lepidopterix vegrandis n. gen., n. sp. Sendi 2020
Sendi et al. 2020 1 specimen
LU-800
Insecta - Blattaria - Caloblattinidae
? Rhipidoblatta sp. Vishnyakova 1968
Sendi et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 934B
Insecta - Hemiptera
Aafrita biladalshama n. gen., n. sp. Szwedo and Azar 2013
Szwedo et al. 2013 5 specimens
Azar 641B, 171A, 1156, 875, 623E (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Neazoniidae
Neazonia immatura n. sp. Szwedo 2007
Szwedo 2007 1 specimen
No. 922AB
Neazonia tripleta n. gen., n. sp. Szwedo 2007
Szwedo 2007 1 specimen
no. 1235
Insecta - Hemiptera - Hammanococcidae
Hammanococcus sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 2 specimens
Azar HAM-408, 475
Hammanococcus setosus n. gen., n. sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar HAM-555E
Insecta - Hemiptera
Xiphos vani n. gen., n. sp. Vea and Grimaldi 2015
Vea and Grimaldi 2015 1 specimen
Azar 1215 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Apticoccidae
Apticoccus fortis n. sp. Vea and Grimaldi 2015
Vea and Grimaldi 2015 1 specimen
Azar HAM-1669A (2 measurements)
Apticoccus minutus n. gen., n. sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 2 specimens
Azar HAM-54; Azar 628 (Cocc-1720) in Vea & Grimaldi 2015
Insecta - Hemiptera - Lebanococcidae
Lebanococcus longiventris n. gen., n. sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar HAM-140C
Insecta - Hemiptera - Ortheziidae
Cretorthezia hammanaica n. gen., n. sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar HAM-436E
Insecta - Hemiptera - Putoidae
Palaeotupo danieleae n. gen., n. sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar HAM-582
Insecta - Hemiptera - Pennygullaniidae
? Pennygullania sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar HAM-583
Pennygullania electrina n. gen., n. sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar HAM-381
Insecta - Hemiptera - Aleyrodidae
Aleyrodidae indet. Westwood 1840
Engel et al. 2011
In piece with Lebanotermes
Yamis libanotos n. gen., n. sp. Drohojowska and Szwedo 2015
Drohojowska and Szwedo 2015 1 specimen
Azar 1216 (2 measurements)
Milqartis azari n. gen., n. sp. Drohojowska and Szwedo 2015
Drohojowska and Szwedo 2015 1 specimen
Azar 1620A (2 measurements)
Shapashe aithiopa n. gen., n. sp. Drohojowska and Szwedo 2015
Drohojowska and Szwedo 2015 1 specimen
Azar 741 (2 measurements)
Gapenus rhinariatus n. gen., n. sp. Drohojowska and Szwedo 2013
Drohojowska and Szwedo 2013 1 specimen
Azar 1568 (3 measurements)
Baetylus kahramanus n. gen., n. sp. Drohojowska and Szwedo 2011
Drohojowska and Szwedo 2011 1 specimen
Azar 1618 (3 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera
Talaya batraba n. gen., n. sp. Drohojowska et al. 2013
Drohojowska et al. 2013 1 specimen
Azar 1241 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Liadopsyllidae
Liadopsylla apedetica n. sp. Ouvrard et al. 2010
Ouvrard et al. 2010 1 specimen
Azar HAM-640
Insecta - Hemiptera - Tajmyraphididae
Lebanaphis minor n. gen., n. sp. Heie 2000
Heie and Azar 2000 1 specimen
Azar 40 (1 measurement)
Megarostrum azari n. gen., n. sp. Heie 2000
Heie and Azar 2000 1 specimen
Azar 476 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Steingeliidae
Palaeosteingelia sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 4 specimens
Azar HAM-36, 86, 555B,D
Palaeosteingelia acrai n. gen., n. sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 16 specimens
Azar HAM-44, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413A-C, 414, 415A, 417, 581, 581, 584, 585, 592A
Palaeosteingelia caudata n. sp. Koteja and Azar 2008
Koteja and Azar 2008 2 specimens
Azar HAM-416, 418
Insecta - Hemiptera - Pseudococcidae
Williamsicoccus megalops n. gen., n. sp. Vea and Grimaldi 2015
Vea and Grimaldi 2015 1 specimen
Azar 1582 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera
Enicocephalinus acragrimaldii n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
Azar et al. 1999 13 specimens
Azar 15a,b, 14a,b, 16a, 17a,b, 18, 19, 20, 21, 123, 124 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Schizopteridae
Libanohypselosoma popovi n. gen., n. sp. Azar and Nel 2010
Azar and Nel 2010 2 specimens
Azar 1449, 845C (2 measurements)
Insecta - Lophioneurida - Moundthripidae
Moundthrips beatificus Nel et al. 2007
Nel et al. 2007 1 specimen
Azar 503C
Insecta - Thysanoptera - Thripidae
Tethysthrips libanicus n. sp. Nel et al. 2010
Nel et al. 2010 1 specimen
Azar 97A
Insecta - Thysanoptera - Rohrthripidae
Rohrthrips libanicus n. gen., n. sp. Nel et al. 2010
Nel et al. 2010 1 specimen
Azar 1217
Insecta - Orthoptera - Haglotettigoniidae
? Haglotettigonia aenigmatosa n. sp. Gorochov 2010
Gorochov 2010 2 specimens
Azar 623H, 1064ABC (1 measurement)
Insecta - Dermaptera
Neodermaptera indet. Engel 2003
Engel et al. 2011 1 specimen
Azar 707
Rhadinolabis phoenicica n. gen., n. sp. Engel et al. 2011
Engel et al. 2011 2 specimens
Azar 1013, 1018 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Alienoptera - Umenocoleidae
Pseudojantaropterix lebani (Vršanský and Grimaldi 2003)
Sendi et al. 2023 2 specimens
LU 1319, 1525
Cratovitisma cortexi n. sp. Sendi 2018
Podstrelená and Sendi 2018 1 specimen
LU 1627 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Blattodea
Isoptera informal indet. 2
Engel et al. 2011
Isoptera informal indet. 3
Engel et al. 2011
Isoptera informal indet. 4
Engel et al. 2011
Lebanotermes veltzae n. gen., n. sp. Engel et al. 2011
Engel et al. 2011 1 specimen
Insecta - Blattodea - Pseudophyllodromiidae
Neoblattella nechapetomu n. sp. Vršanský et al. 2023
Sendi et al. 2023 3 specimens
LU 1274B, 1669B, 1721D (3 measurements)
Insecta - Blattodea - Mesoblattinidae
Nymphoblatta azari Vršanský and Grimaldi 2004
Sendi et al. 2023 3 specimens
LU 1484, 1497, 1609B (2 measurements)
Insecta - Blattodea - Blattulidae
Blattulidae indet. Vishnyakova 1982
Vršanský et al. 2013 13 specimens
59, 76A, 623i-m, 778AB, 800, 810CD, 845AB, 934AB, 1062, 1274B, D, 133.C
Elisama globosa n. sp. Vršanský et al. 2023
Sendi et al. 2023 7 specimens
LU 799, 59, 76A, 133C, 442, 800, 1721C
Pravdupovediac neklam n. gen., n. sp. Sendi and Vršanský 2023
Sendi et al. 2023 2 specimens
LU 1809A, 441 (2 measurements)
Ocelloblattula ponomarenkoi n. gen., n. sp. Anisyutkin and Gorochov 2008
Anisyutkin and Gorochov 2008 2 specimens
845A; 623J in Sendi et al., 2023
Pseudomantina occisor n. gen., n. sp. Sendi 2021
Vršanský et al. 2021 1 specimen
LU 810CD (1 measurement)
Insecta - Blattodea - Liberiblattinidae
Cryptoblatta aquatica n. gen., n. sp. Sendi and Azar 2019
Vršanský et al. 2019 1 specimen
LU444
Miniblattina libera Sendi 2021
Sendi et al. 2023 2 specimens
LU 1274D, 1759
Insecta - Psocodea - Electrentomidae
Paramesopsocus lu n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 2008
Azar et al. 2008 4 specimens
Azar 746C, 422, 427A, 886 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Psocodea - Sphaeropsocidae
Asphaeropsocites neli n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 2010
Azar et al. 2010 1 specimen
Azar 1513-A (1 measurement)
Insecta - Psocodea
Libanomphientomum nudus n. gen., n. sp. Choufani et al. 2011
Choufani et al. 2011 1 specimen
Azar 1646 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Psocodea - Prionoglarididae
Palaeosiamoglaris hammanaensis n. sp. Hakim et al. 2021
Hakim et al. 2021 6 specimens
LU 1308, 164C, 904A, 1095B, 1428A, 728A (1 measurement)
Insecta - Psocodea - Empheriidae
Setoglaris reemae n. gen., n. sp. Azar and Nel 2004
Azar and Nel 2004 1 specimen
Azar 1197
Libanoglaris chehabi n. sp. Azar and Nel 2004
Azar and Nel 2004 1 specimen
Azar 117B
Libanoglaris mouawadi n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 2003
Perrichot et al. 2003 6 specimens
Azar 420, 58, 713A, 714, 423, 378
Insecta - Psocodea - Psyllipsocidae
Libanopsyllipsocus alexanderasnitsyni n. gen., n. sp. Azar and Nel 2011
Azar and Nel 2011 1 specimen
Azar 30 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Evaniidae
Protoparevania lourothi n. gen., n. sp. Deans 2004
Deans et al. 2004 1 specimen
Azar 150A (1 measurement)
Eovernevania cyrtocerca n. gen., n. sp. Deans 2004
Deans et al. 2004 1 specimen
Azar 130 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Stigmaphronidae
Libanophron astarte n. gen., n. sp. Engel and Grimaldi 2009
Engel and Grimaldi 2009 1 specimen
Azar L-139 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Scolebythidae
Uliobythus terpsichore n. gen., n. sp. Engel and Grimaldi 2007
Engel and Grimaldi 2007 1 specimen
Azar 157-A (2 measurements)
Zapenesia libanica n. gen., n. sp. Engel and Grimaldi 2007
Engel and Grimaldi 2007 1 specimen
Azar 146-A (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Maimetshidae
Zorophratra corynetes n. gen., n. sp. Engel 2016
Engel 2016 1 specimen
(2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Spathiopterygidae
Mymaropsis baabdaensis n. sp. Krogmann et al. 2016
Krogmann et al. 2016 1 specimen
NHM-LU 855 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera
Proteroscelio gravatus n. sp. Johnson et al. 2008
Johnson et al. 2008 1 specimen
Azar 23
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Protoitidae
Cretaxenomerus curvus n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 4 specimens
LU 874D, 881B, 146U, 1614FA (1 measurement)
Cretaxenomerus brevis n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 1228 (2 measurements)
Cretaxenomerus tenuipenna n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 623I (2 measurements)
Cretaxenomerus deangelis n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 810H (2 measurements)
Cretaxenomerus vitreus n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 534C (1 measurement)
Cretaxenomerus mirari n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 157G (2 measurements)
Cretaxenomerus jankotejai n. gen., n. sp. Nel and Azar 2005
Nel and Azar 2005 1 specimen
Azar 972A (2 measurements)
Protoita petersi n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 874A (1 measurement)
Protoita noyesi n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 407AB (2 measurements)
Protoita bidentata n. sp. Ulmer and Krogmann 2023
Ulmer et al. 2023 1 specimen
LU 182 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Serphitidae
Microserphites libanensis n. sp. Rasnitsyn and Azar 2022
Rasnitsyn et al. 2022 1 specimen
LU 1819V (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Gallorommatidae
Cretaceomma libanensis n. gen., n. sp. Rasnitsyn and Azar 2022
Rasnitsyn et al. 2022 1 specimen
LU 1922 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Trichoptera - Ecnomidae
Ecnomus cretacia n. sp. Wichard and Azar 2018
Wichard and Azar 2018 1 specimen
Azar 574-C
Insecta - Trichoptera - Dipseudopsidae
Phylocentropus succinolebanensis n. sp. Wichard and Azar 2018
Wichard and Azar 2018 1 specimen
Azar 500
Insecta - Coleoptera - Staphylinidae
Libanoeuaesthetus pentatarsus n. gen., n. sp. Lefebvre et al. 2005
Lefebvre et al. 2005 1 specimen
Azar 1008
Insecta - Coleoptera - Dermestidae
Cretonodes antounazari n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2009
Kirejtshuk et al. 2009 1 specimen
939
Insecta - Coleoptera - Throscidae
Potergosoma gratiosa n. gen., n. sp. Kovalev and Kirejtshuk 2013
Kovalev et al. 2013 1 specimen
Azar 750
Insecta - Coleoptera - Tetrameropsidae
Atetrameropsis subglobosa n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk 2013
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2013 1 specimen
Azar 474A (1 measurement)
Tetrameropsis mesozoica n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar 474A
Insecta - Coleoptera - Latridiidae
Archelatrius marinae n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2009
Kirejtshuk et al. 2009 1 specimen
1453
Insecta - Coleoptera - Anthicidae
Camelomorpha longicervix n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk et al. 2008
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar 846
Insecta - Coleoptera - Cryptophagidae
Lebanophytum excellens n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar 840AB
Insecta - Coleoptera - Curculionidae
Cylindrobrotus pectinatus n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk et al. 2009
Kirejtshuk et al. 2009 1 specimen
Azar 956
Insecta - Coleoptera - Sphindidae
Libanopsis impexa n. sp. Kirejtshuk 2015
Kirejtshuk et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 474B (1 measurement)
Libanopsis poinari n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk 2015
Kirejtshuk et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 841BC (1 measurement)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Monotomidae
Rhizophtoma synchrotronica n. sp. Kirejtshuk 2013
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2013 1 specimen
Azar 1512 (formerly paratype of R. elateroides) (1 measurement)
Rhizophtoma elateroides n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2009
Kirejtshuk et al. 2009 2 specimens
845D, 845A-E-F (not 1512 = R. synchrotronica)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Kateretidae
Lebanoretes andelmani n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar 1136
Insecta - Coleoptera - Elodophthalmidae
Elodophthalmus gracilis n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar 758-D
Elodophthalmus harmonicus n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008 1 specimen
Azar 164D
Insecta - Coleoptera - Clambidae
Eoclambus rugidorsum n. gen., n. sp. Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008
Kirejtshuk and Azar 2008 2 specimens
Azar 752, 90
Insecta - Neuroptera - Rhachiberothidae
Spinoberotha mickaelacrai n. gen., n. sp. Nel et al. 2005
Nel et al. 2005 1 specimen
Azar 1201A
Insecta - Neuroptera - Coniopterygidae
Libanosemidalis hammanaensis n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 2000
Azar et al. 2000 1 specimen
326A (3 measurements)
Insecta - Diptera - Cecidomyiidae
Lestremiinae indet. Rondani 1840
Azar and Nel 2020 1 specimen
LU 1447A
    = Micromyinae indet. Rondani 1856
Jaschhof 2021
Lebanowinnertzia perrichoti n. sp. Azar and Nel 2020
Azar and Nel 2020 2 specimens
LU 729, 231A (1 measurement)
Libanoclinorrhytis jaschhofi n. gen., n. sp. Azar and Nel 2020
Azar and Nel 2020 2 specimens
LU 202A, 286 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Diptera - Archizelmiridae
Zelmiarcha lebanensis n. gen., n. sp. Grimaldi et al. 2003
Grimaldi et al. 2003 18 specimens
Insecta - Diptera - Xylomyidae
Cretoxyla azari n. gen., n. sp. Grimaldi and Cumming 2011
Grimaldi et al. 2011 1 specimen
Azar 391
Insecta - Diptera - Hilarimorphidae
Cretahilarimorpha lebanensis n. gen., n. sp. Myskowiak et al. 2016
Myskowiak et al. 2016 1 specimen
HAM-1614D (2 measurements)
Insecta - Diptera - Platypezidae
Lebanopeza azari n. gen., n. sp. Grimaldi 2018
Grimaldi 2018 1 specimen
MNHN Az 715A (collecting site not reported)
Insecta - Diptera - Chimeromyiidae
Chimeromyia sp. Grimaldi and Cumming 1999
Grimaldi et al. 2009 3 specimens
Azar 230 (two females, one head)
Chimeromyia mediobscura n. sp. Grimaldi and Cumming 2009
Grimaldi et al. 2009 4 specimens
Azar 649, 440, 274, 285
Chimeromyia pilitibia n. sp. Grimaldi and Cumming 2009
Grimaldi et al. 2009 1 specimen
Azar 230 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Diptera - Trichoceridae
Ewaurista pusilla n. gen., n. sp. Shcherbakov and Azar 2019
Shcherbakov and Azar 2019 17 specimens
LU264, 88, 204a, 336, 436d, 517, 611, 771d, 1038, 1120a, 1243b, 296, 332, 467, 1151d, 204b, 1120b (3 measurements)
Insecta - Diptera - Limoniidae
Gonomyia (Azaria) libanensis n. sp. Kania et al. 2015
Kania et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 265 (1 measurement)
Helius (Helius) ewa n. sp. Krzemiński et al. 2014
Krzemiński et al. 2014 1 specimen
Azar 1670 (2 measurements)
Helius lebanensis Kania et al. 2013
Kania et al. 2013 1 specimen
Azar 233 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Diptera - Ptychopteridae
Leptychoptera dimkina n. gen., n. sp. Lukashevich and Azar 2003
Lukashevich and Azar 2003 3 specimens
Azar 198, 258, 280
Insecta - Diptera - Chironomidae
Chironomidae indet. Macquart 1838
Engel et al. 2011
In piece with Lebanotermes
Cretadiamesa arieli n. gen., n. sp. Veltz et al. 2007
Veltz et al. 2007 2 specimens
Azar 349, 365 (2 measurements)
Paicheleria magnifica n. gen., n. sp. Azar and Nel 2010
Azar and Nel 2010 2 specimens
Azar 221, 623c (1 measurement)
Libanodiamesa deploegi n. gen., n. sp. Veltz et al. 2007
Veltz et al. 2007 1 specimen
Azar 66 (1 measurement)
Lebanorthocladius furcatus n. gen., n. sp. Veltz et al. 2007
Veltz et al. 2007 2 specimens
Azar 5B, 574I (2 measurements)
Ziadeus kamili n. gen., n. sp. Azar and Nel 2010
Azar and Nel 2010 2 specimens
Azar 917A, 341B (1 measurement)
Cretapelopia salomea n. gen., n. sp. Veltz et al. 2007
Veltz et al. 2007 2 specimens
Azar 295, 309 (2 measurements)
Wadelius libanicus n. gen., n. sp. Veltz et al. 2007
Veltz et al. 2007 2 specimens
Azar 259, 748A (2 measurements)
Cretaenne kobeyssii n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 2008
Azar et al. 2008 1 specimen
Azar 1271A (1 measurement)
Cretaenne inexpectata n. sp. Azar et al. 2008
Azar et al. 2008 2 specimens
Azar 184, 310A
Libanochlites neocomicus Brundin 1976
Veltz et al. 2007 34 specimens
Azar 236, 80, 179, 221, 250A, 382, 940, 1148, 748B (9 specimens), 511, 537, 538, 781A,B, 1111, 1272B (7 specimens), 723G,H,I,J
Insecta - Diptera - Chaoboridae
Libanoborus lukashevichi n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 2009
Azar et al. 2009 1 specimen
Azar 1448A (2 measurements)
Libanoculex intermedius n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 2023
Azar et al. 2023 2 specimens
LU 1717A, 825A (2 measurements)
Insecta - Diptera - Ceratopogonidae
Lebanoculicoides daheri n. sp. Choufani et al. 2015
Choufani et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 318 (2 measurements)
Lebanoculicoides cf. daheri Choufani et al. 2015
Choufani et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 1107A (2 measurements)
Protoculicoides krzeminskii n. sp. Choufani et al. 2015
Choufani et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 287A (2 measurements)
Archiaustroconops dominiakae n. sp. Choufani et al. 2015
Choufani et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 523 (2 measurements)
Archiaustroconops hammanensis n. sp. Choufani et al. 2015
Choufani et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 226 (2 measurements)
Archiaustroconops annae n. sp. Choufani et al. 2015
Choufani et al. 2015 1 specimen
Azar 598 (2 measurements)
Minyohelea nexuosa n. sp. Pielowska-Ceranowska 2021
Pielowska-Ceranowska et al. 2021 1 specimen
MHN-LU 1097-F (1 measurement)
Insecta - Diptera - Psychodidae
Eophlebotomus gezei n. sp. Azar et al. 2003
Azar et al. 2003 5 specimens
Azar 612, 117, 623A, 623B, 358 (1 measurement)
Paleopsychoda jarzembowskii n. sp. Azar and Maksoud 2022
Azar and Maksoud 2022 1 specimen
LU 1615A (2 measurements)
Paleopsychoda inexpectata n. sp. Azar and Nel 2002
Azar and Nel 2002 3 specimens
Azar 118, 119A, 120
Paleopsychoda jacquelinae n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
5 specimens
MNHN 3, 4, 5, 6, 48
Paleopsychoda solignaci n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
1 specimen
MNHN 2 (1 measurement)
Paralibanopsychoda agnieszkae n. gen., n. sp. Azar and Nel 2002
Azar and Nel 2002 3 specimens
Azar 293, 146, 493
Protopsychoda hammanaensis n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
1 specimen
MNHN 116 (1 measurement)
Protopsychoda nadiae n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
1 specimen
MNHN 8 (1 measurement)
Libanopsychoda abillamai n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
2 specimens
MNHN 47, 437 (1 measurement)
Libanophlebotomus lutfallahi n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
2 specimens
MNHN 1, 111 (2 measurements)
Mesophlebotomites hennigi n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
2 specimens
MNHN 7, 121 (2 measurements)
Cretapsychoda inexpectata n. gen., n. sp. Azar et al. 1999
1 specimen
MNHN 110 (1 measurement)
Arachnida - Araneae
Linyphiinae indet. Blackwall 1859
Penney and Selden 2002 1 specimen
MNHP 491
    = Araneoidea indet. Simon 1895
Magalhaes et al. 2020
Arachnida - Araneae - Salticoididae
Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis n. gen., n. sp. Penney 2003
Penney 2003 1 specimen
MHNP 723A
Arachnida - Araneae - Plumorsolidae
Plumorsolus gondwanensis n. gen., n. sp. Wunderlich 2008
Wunderlich 2008 2 specimens
Azar 490, 724A
Arachnida - Araneae
Lebansegestria azari n. gen., n. sp. Wunderlich 2008
Wunderlich 2008 1 specimen
Reptilia
Baabdasaurus xenurus n. gen., n. sp. Arnold et al. 2002
Arnold et al. 2002 1 individual
MNHN Azar 497
see common names

Geography
Country:Lebanon
Coordinates: 33.8° North, 35.7° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:9.4° North, 31.9° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period: Cretaceous Epoch: Early Cretaceous
Stage: Barremian 10 m.y. bin: Cretaceous 2
Key time interval: Early Barremian
Age range of interval: 125.77 - 121.4 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: Amber found in three intervals in the upper part of the Grès du Liban. The upper interval is above the “Banc de Mrejatt,” the middle interval is between the “Banc de Mrejatt” and a pisolitic interval below, and the lower interval is below the pisolitic beds. The "Banc de Mrejatt" includes one biostratigraphically significant benthic foraminifer: Eopalorbitolina transiens (Cherchi and Schroeder, 1999), which is a zonal marker of the Lower to Upper Barremian transition according to Schroeder et al. (2010). Accordingly the “Banc de Mrejatt” is correlated to the transgression of sequence Ba3 of Clavel et al. (2007) and ascribed a late Early Barremian age. The pisolitic interval or “calcaires à pisolithes” of Heybroek (1942), consists of lacustrine shales and marls, locally with pisolites ranging in size from a hazel nut to an orange. Charophyte remains (thalli, utricles, and gyrogonites) are commonly found in this interval (Grambast and Lorch, 1968; Granier et al., 2015). According to Martín-Closas (2015, personal communication), the charophyte association should refer to the Cruciata-Paucibracteatus biozone of Martín-Closas et al. (2009) that spans the Late Barremian–Early Aptian interval. However, due to its topographic location, this interval is older than the “Banc de Mrejatt” and should be considered at least Early Barremian in age (Maksoud et al., 2017, 2022). The entomofaunal similarity of these three intervals could imply that the age of the amber should be the same, i.e., that of the older/lower interval. Amber pieces found in the middle and upper intervals are rounded and commonly bored by martesiine pholadid bivalves.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: lithified amber
Includes fossils?Y
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,soft parts,original chitin,amber
Lagerst�tten type:conservation
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:excellent
Articulated whole bodies:many
Spatial resolution:autochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: Repository: Natural History Museum of the Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Fanar, Lebanon
Metadata
Database number:122471
Authorizer:M. Clapham, M. Carrano Enterer:M. Clapham, A. Noshirvan, A. Delelli, J. Karr, A. Louderback, M. Carrano
Modifier:M. Clapham Research group:paleoentomology
Created:2011-12-29 05:00:48 Last modified:2023-06-03 16:18:41
Access level:the public Released:2011-12-29 05:00:48
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
39984. D. Azar, A. Nel, M. Solignac, J. Paicheler, and F. Bouchet. 1999. New genera and species of psychodoid flies from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon. Palaeontology 42(6):1101-1136 [M. Clapham/A. Delelli]

Secondary references:

40311 L. N. Anisyutkin and A. V. Gorochov. 2008. A New Genus and Species of the Cockroach Family Blattulidae from Lebanese Amber (Dictyoptera, Blattina). Paleontological Journal 42(1):43-46 [M. Clapham/A. Delelli]
19351 E. N. Arnold, D. Azar, I. Ineich and A. Nel. 2002. The oldest reptile in amber: a 120 million year old lizard from Lebanon. Journal of Zoology 258:7-10 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
39646 D. Azar, M. S. Engel, and D. A. Grimaldi. 2010. A new genus of sphaeropsocid bark lice from the Early Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Psocodea: Sphaeropsocidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 46:103-107 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48319 D. Azar, G. Fleck, A. Nel and M. Solignac. 1999. A new enicocephalid bug, Enicocephalinus acragrimaldii gen. nov., sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Insecta, Heteroptera, Enicocephalidae). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava 14:217-230 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40191 D. Azar, L. Hajar, C. Indary and A. Nel. 2008. Paramesopsocidae, a new Mesozoic psocid family (Insecta: Psocodea "Psocoptera": Psocomorpha). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 44:459-470 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
84135 D. Azar and S. Maksoud. 2022. Paleopsychoda jarzembowskii, a new Lower Cretaceous species of moth flies from Lebanese amber (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Palaeoentomology 5:262-268 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40852 D. Azar, A. Nel, and M. Solignac. 2000. A new Coniopterygidae from Lebanese amber. Acta Geologica Hispanica 35(1-2):31-36 [M. Clapham/A. Delelli]
48318 D. Azar and A. Nel. 2002. New Cretaceous psychodid flies from Lebanese amber and Santana Formation (Chapada do Araripe, Brazil) (Diptera). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 38:253-262 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40187 D. Azar and A. Nel. 2004. Four new Psocoptera from Lebanese amber (Insecta: Psocomorpha: Trogiomorpha). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 40:185-192 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39658 D. Azar and A. Nel. 2010. Two new non-biting midges from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Chironomidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 46:198-203 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39657 D. Azar and A. Nel. 2010. The earliest fossil schizopterid bug (Insecta: Heteroptera) in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 46:193-197 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40589 D. Azar and A. Nel. 2011. The oldest psyllipsocid booklice, in Lower Cretaceous amber from Lebanon (Psocodea, Trogiomorpha, Psocathropetae, Psyllipsocidae). ZooKeys 130:153-165 [M. Clapham/A. Delelli/M. Clapham]
83675 D. Azar and A. Nel. 2020. New Cecidomyiidae from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera). Palaeoentomology 3:525-540 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
86759 D. Azar, A. Nel, D. Y. Huang and M. S. Engel. 2023. The earliest fossil mosquito. Current Biology 33:5240-5246 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39368 D. Azar, V. Perrichot, D. Néraudeau and A. Nel. 2003. New Psychodids from the Cretaceous Ambers of Lebanon and France, with a Discussion of Eophlebotomus connectens Cockerell, 1920 (Diptera, Psychodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 96:117-126 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
44675 D. Azar, I. Veltz, and A. Nel. 2008. Mandibulate chironomids: primitive or derived? (Diptera: Chironomidae). Systematic Entomology 33:688-699 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48322 D. Azar, A. Waller, and A. Nel. 2009. A phantom midge from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera, Chaoboridae). Denisia 26:29-34 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
45162 J. Choufani, D. Azar, and A. Nel. 2011. The oldest amphientomete booklouce from Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Psocodea: Troctomorpha). Insect Systematics & Evolution 42:149-159 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
54407 J. Choufani, D. Azar, and A. Nel. 2015. New biting midges from the Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 50:272-285 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39626 A. R. Deans, H. H. Basibuyuk, D. Azar and A. Nel. 2004. Descriptions of two new Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) ensign wasp genera (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Lebanese amber. Cretaceous Research 25:509-516 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48623 J. Drohojowska and J. Szwedo. 2011. A new whitefly from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 42:179-196 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
45279 J. Drohojowska, J. Szwedo, and D. Azar. 2013. Talaya batraba gen. et sp. nov. - the first nymph of a protopsyllidiid (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon. Acta Geologica Sinica 87:21-31 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
50763 J. Drohojowska and J. Szwedo. 2013. Gapenus rhinariatus gen. sp. n., a new whitefly from Lebanese amber (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae). In D. Azar, M. Engel, E. Jarzembowski, L. Krogmann, A. Nel, J. Santiago-Blay (eds.), Insect Evolution in an Ambiferous and Stone Alphabet 99-110 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
53699 J. Drohojowska and J. Szwedo. 2015. Early Cretaceous Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) from the Lebanese amber. Cretaceous Research 52:368-389 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
61299 M. S. Engel. 2016. A new genus and species of maimetshid wasps in Lebanese Early Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Maimetshidae). Novitates Paleoentomologicae 18:1-14 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40469 M. S. Engel and D. A. Grimaldi. 2007. Cretaceous Scolebythidae and phylogeny of the family (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). American Museum Novitates 3568:1-16 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39797 M. S. Engel and D. A. Grimaldi. 2009. Diversity and phylogeny of the Mesozoic wasp family Stigmaphronidae (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea). Denisia 26:53-68 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/M. Clapham]
39026 M. S. Engel, A. Nel, D. Azar, C. Soriano, P. Tafforeau, D. Néraudeau, J.P. Colin and V. Perrichot. 2011. New, primitive termites (Isoptera) from Early Cretaceous ambers of France and Lebanon. Palaeodiversity 4:39-49 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48626 M. S. Engel, J. Ortega-Blanco, and D. Azar. 2011. The earliest earwigs in amber (Dermaptera): A new genus and species from the Early Cretaceous of Lebanon. Insect Systematics & Evolution 42:139-148 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39934 A. V. Gorochov. 2010. New and little-known orthopteroid insects (Polyneoptera) from fossil resins: communication 4. Paleontological Journal 44:657-671 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
67373 D. A. Grimaldi. 2018. Basal Cyclorrhapha in amber from the Cretaceous and Tertiary (Insecta: Diptera), and their relationships: Brachycera in Cretaceous amber part IX. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 423:1-97 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
38366 D. A. Grimaldi, D. S. Amorim, and V. Blagoderov. 2003. The Mesozoic family Archizelmiridae (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Paleontology 77(2):368-381 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/M. Clapham]
39348 D. A. Grimaldi, A. Arillo, J. M. Cumming and M. Hauser. 2011. Brachyceran Diptera (Insecta) in Cretaceous ambers, Part IV, significant new Orthorrhaphous Taxa. ZooKeys 148:293-332 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48656 D. A. Grimaldi, J. M. Cumming, and A. Arillo. 2009. Chimeromyiidae, a new family of Eremoneuran Diptera from the Cretaceous. Zootaxa 2078:34-54 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
79351 M. Hakim, D. Y. Huang, and D. Azar. 2021. Earliest record of Prionoglarididae from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Psocodea; Trogiomorpha). Cretaceous Research 132(105121) [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40404 O. E. Heie and D. Azar. 2000. Two new species of aphids found in Lebanese amber and a revision of the family Tajmyraphididae Kononova, 1975 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93:1222-1225 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
83763 M. Jaschhof. 2021. A review of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) described from Mesozoic deposits. Palaeoentomology 4:1-14 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48445 N. F. Johnson, L. Musetti, and L. Masner. 2008. The Cretaceous scelionid Genus Proteroscelio Brues (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea). American Museum Novitates 3603:1-7 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
51508 I. Kania, W. Krzemiński, and D. Azar. 2013. The oldest representative of Helius Lepeletier & Serville 1828 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Lebanese amber (Early Cretaceous). Insect Systematics & Evolution 44:231-238 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
53718 I. Kania, W. Krzemiński, and E. Krzemińska. 2015. The oldest representative of the genus Gonomyia (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Lebanese amber (Lower Cretaceous): New subgenus and species. Cretaceous Research 52:516-521 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35894 A. G. Kirejtshuk and D. Azar. 2008. New taxa of beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Lebanese amber with evolutionary and systematic comments. Alavesia 2:15-46 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/J. Karr]
40853 A. G. Kirejtshuk, D. Azar, P. Tafforeau, R. Boistel, and V. Fernandez. 2009. New beetles of Polyphaga (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Denisia 26:119-130 [M. Clapham/A. Delelli/M. Clapham]
39572 A. G. Kirejtshuk, D. Azar, R. A. Beaver, M. Y. Mandelshtam, and A. Nel. 2009. The most ancient bark beetle known: a new tribe, genus and species from Lebanese amber (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Systematic Entomology 34:101-112 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48701 A. G. Kirejtshuk and D. Azar. 2013. Current knowledge of Coleoptera (Insecta) from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber and taxonomical notes for some Mesozoic groups. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 6:103-134 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
53711 A. G. Kirejtshuk, P. E. Chetverikov, and D. Azar. 2015. Libanopsinae, new subfamily of the family Sphindidae (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with remarks on using confocal microscopy for the study of amber inclusions. Cretaceous Research 52:461-479 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39293 J. Koteja and D. Azar. 2008. Scale insects from Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccinea). Alavesia 2:133-167 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47332 A. V. Kovalev, A. G. Kirejtshuk, and D. Azar. 2013. The oldest representatives of the family Throscidae (Coleoptera: Elateriformia) from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Cretaceous Research 44:157-165 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
58913 L. Krogmann, D. Azar, H. Rajaei and A. Nel. 2016. Mymaropsis baabdaensis sp. n. from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber – the earliest spathiopterygid wasp and the first female known for the family. Comptes Rendus Palevol 15:483-487 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
49906 W. Krzemiński, I. Kania, and D. Azar. 2014. The Early Cretaceous evidence of rapid evolution of the genus Helius Lepeletier and Serville, 1828 (Limoniidae, Diptera). Cretaceous Research 48:96-101 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39621 F. Lefebvre, B. Vincent, D. Azar and A. Nel. 2005. The oldest beetle of the Euaesthetinae (Staphylinidae) from Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Cretaceous Research 26:207-211 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40355 E. D. Lukashevich and D. Azar. 2003. First Eoptychopteridae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46(Suppl):195-204 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
71575 I. L. F. Magalhaes, G. H. F. Azevedo, P. Michalik and M. J. Ramírez. 2020. The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic. Biological Reviews 95:184-217 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
58094 J. Myskowiak, D. Azar, and A. Nel. 2016. The first fossil hilarimorphid fly (Diptera: Brachycera). Gondwana Research 35:192-197 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48878 A. Nel and D. Azar. 2005. The oldest parasitic Scelionidae: Teleasinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 74:333-338 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47992 A. Nel, V. Perrichot, D. Azar and D. Néraudeau. 2005. New Rhachiberothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) in Early Cretaceous and Early Eocene ambers from France and Lebanon. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 235:51-85 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39600 P. Nel, D. Azar, and A. Nel. 2007. A new ‘primitive’ family of thrips from Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Insecta, Thysanoptera). Cretaceous Research 28:1033-1038 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39653 P. Nel, E. Peñalver, D. Azar, G. Hodebert, and A. Nel. 2010. Modern thrips families Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae in Early Cretaceous amber (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 46:154-163 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
52476 M. Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin and D. Azar. 2004. The oldest records of Polyxenida (Myriapoda, Diplopoda): new discoveries from the Cretaceous ambers of Lebanon and France. Geodiversitas 26:631-641 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
41076 D. Ouvrard, D. Burckhardt, D. Azar and D. Grimaldi. 2010. Non-jumping plant-lice in Cretaceous amber (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea). Systematic Entomology 35:172-180 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40708 D. Penney. 2003. A new deinopoid spider from Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(4):569-574 [M. Clapham/A. Delelli]
47283 D. Penney and P. Selden. 2002. The oldest linyphid spider, in Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Linyphiinae). The Journal of Arachnology 30:487-493 [M. Clapham/A. Louderback]
40372 V. Perrichot, D. Azar, D. Neraudeau and A. Nel. 2003. New Psocoptera in the Early Cretaceous amber of SW France and Lebanon (Insecta: Psocoptera: Trogiomorpha). Geological Magazine 140:669-683 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
78521 A. Pielowska-Ceranowska, D. Azar, and J. Szwedo. 2021. New fossil biting midge from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Cretaceous Research 129(105004) [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
70985 L. Podstrelená and H. Sendi. 2018. Cratovitisma Bechly, 2007 (Blattaria: Umenocoleidae) recorded in Lebanese and Myanmar ambers. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 310:121-129 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
84066 A. P. Rasnitsyn, M. Maalouf, R. Maalouf and D. Azar. 2022. New Serphitidae and Gallorommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Microprocta) in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Palaeoentomology 5:120-136 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
70531 A. Sánchez-García, E. Peñalver, X. Delclòs and M. S. Engel. 2019. Jumping bristeltails (Insecta, Archaeognatha) from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon. Papers in Palaeontology 5:679-697 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
74217 H. Sendi, J. Hinkelman, L. Vršanská, T. Kúdelová, M. Kúdela, M. Zuber, T. Kamp and P. Vršanský. 2020. Roach nectarivory, gymnosperm and earliest flower pollination evidence from Cretaceous ambers. Biologia 75:1613-1630 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
84925 H. Sendi, P. Vršanský, and D. Azar. 2023. Jordanian-Lebanese-Syrian cockroaches s.s. from Lower Cretaceous amber - Monograph. Biologia 78:1447-1541 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
68481 D. E. Shcherbakov and D. Azar. 2019. A new subfamily of Trichoceridae (Diptera: Tipulomorpha) from Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Zootaxa 4563:311-324 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
49870 J. Szwedo, D. Azar, and Y. Nohra. 2013. First record of Perforissidae from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea). In D. Azar, M. Engel, E. Jarzembowski, L. Krogmann, A. Nel, J. Santiago-Blay (eds.), Insect Evolution in an Amberiferous and Stone Alphabet 145-163 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
86175 J. M. Ulmer, P. Janšta, D. Azar and L. Krogmann. 2023. At the dawn of megadiversity - Protoitidae, a new family of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96:879-924 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
54107 I. M. Vea and D. A. Grimaldi. 2015. Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea. American Museum Novitates 3823:1-80 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40292 I. Veltz, D. Azar, and A. Nel. 2007. New chironomid flies in Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Chironomidae). African Invertebrates 48:169-191 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
78936 P. Vršanský, J. Hinkelman, I. Koubová, H. Sendi, T. Kúdelová, M. Kúdela, and M. Barclay. 2021. A single common ancestor for praying mantids, termites, cave roaches and umenocoleoids. AMBA Projekty 11:1-16 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
67816 P. Vršanský, H. Sendi, D. Aristov, G. Bechly, P. Müller, S. Ellenberger, D. Azar, K. Ueda, P. Barna and T. Garcia. 2019. Ancient roaches further exemplify 'no land return' in aquatic insects. Gondwana Research 68:22-33 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
49368 P. Vršanský, T. van de Kamp, D. Azar, A. Prokin, L. Vidlička and P. Vagovic. 2013. Cockroaches probably cleaned up after dinosaurs. PLoS One 8(12):e80560 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
64890 W. Wichard and D. Azar. 2018. First caddisflies (Trichoptera) in Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107:213-217 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47534 J. Wunderlich. 2008. The dominance of ancient spider families of the Araneae: Haplogynae in the Cretaceous, and the late diversification of advanced ecribellate spiders of the Entelegynae after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction events, with descriptions of new families. Beiträge zur Araneologie 5:524-674 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]