Barranca south of Lago Colhue-Huapi, Gran Barranca: Bartonian, Argentina
collected by C. Ameghino, C. S. Williams, H. Herrera, W. Stein, Scarritt Expedition, G. F. Sternberg, L. G. Marshall, O. Gutierrez

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Actinopteri - Amiiformes - Amiidae
Pappichthys patagonica n. gen., n. sp.
Ameghino 1906 2 specimens
MACN A-11263, anterior part of a left dentary (holotype). MACN A-11592, abdominal and caudal centra, and an indeterminate bone scrap
Mammalia
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 12015, four ?incisors
Mammalia - Cingulata - Peltephilidae
Carlini et al. 2005
Mammalia - Cingulata - Dasypodidae
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10431, four scutes
Simpson 1948 1 specimen
MACN 10459, five scutes. Holotype may also be from here.
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
AMNH 28668, neotype, 200-300 scutes; part of cephalic shield, two areas of associated buckler scutes, two areas of movable bands, connected parietals with parts of squamosals and temporals, fragments of occipitals, crushed maxilla with four teeth, both sides of lower jaw with most of the teeth, nine isolated teeth; parts of nine vertebrae; one chevron bone, several rib fragments; parts of both scapulae, one humerus and ulna, and both radii; one ilium and fragment of the other, parts of one ischium and pubis, parts of one femur and fibula, and various tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. Original holotype was MACN 10457, 18 scutes, metacarpal, and calcaneum, locality uncertain.
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10440, scute
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10464, three scutes
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10463, three scutes
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10430, scute
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10442, eight scutes
Carlini et al. 2005
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10427, two broken buckler scutes. Simpson (1948) suspects these specimens were really from the Mustersan. They were said to be from the upper part of the "Notostylopéen" (?= El Nuevo level).
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10453, buckler scute
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10429, six scutes
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10436, two scutes
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10422, six scutes
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10444, 18 scutes
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10451, 33 scutes
Ameghino 1902 10 specimens
MACN A-10438 (carapace osteoderms, syntype); MPEF PV 5425, 6344, 6398, 6465, 6516, 7234A, 7660B; AMNH 28745, 28851
Mammalia - Pilosa
Pilosa indet. (Flower 1883)
Carlini et al. 2005
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Henricosborniidae
Cifelli 1985
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Notostylopidae
2 specimens
MACN 10527, right p2-m3, left p3-m2; MACN 10534, left p3-m3; probably all one individual
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10473, partial lower jaw with left p3-m3, right p3-4
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10468, mandible with right i3 and p1-m2, left i2 and p3-4
Ameghino 1901 4 specimens
MACN 10495, four uppre molars
1 specimen
MACN 10512, left upper premolar
2 specimens
MACN 10500, partial skull (paralectotype); MACN 10498, both sides of lower jaw (lectotype). Numerous referred specimens.
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10518, right m1-2
Ameghino 1902 4 specimens
MACN 10494, four isolated premolars
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10507, maxilla with P3-M3, molars broken
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10492, maxilla P4-m3
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10493, maxilla with P2-4
Mammalia - Notoungulata
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10752, isolated M1 (type), jaw fragment with p3-4
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10483, dentary ?m2-3
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Archaeohyracidae
Ameghino 1902 9 specimens
MACN 10776, dentary p4-m3 (type), upper molar, m3. MACN 10778, M1 or M2, m3, dentary with m3 and partial m2. AMNH 28665, dentary p1-m3. AMNH 28628, right dentary p1-m3, left p4-m2. AMNH 28844, M1-2.
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10780, m?1. Other syntypes are not of this species.
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Isotemnidae
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10610, dentary with p4 (lectotype), possibly associated m1 and p3, and another lower premolar
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10607, right P4 and M2-3, left P4, M1, M3
Simpson 1967
Types of synonyms, and: MACN 10554, almost complete lower jaw; AMNH 28878, partial skull; AMNH 28644, left P1-m3 and right M1-3; AMNH 28763, dentary p4-m2; AMNH 28630, dentary p2-m3; AMNH 28689, dentary p3-m3; AMNH 28717, jaws with right P3-m3, right p1-2, left p1-4; AMNH 28709, m1-3; AMNH 28948, dentary p3-m3; AMNH 28880, partial skull; AMNH 28646, partial skull; CNHM P13528, skull; CNHM P13296, partial skull; CNHM P13309, partial skull; CNHM P13620, maxilla with dP2-4, M1-3, P2-4
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10767, maxilla dP2-4, M1
Ameghino 1901 4 specimens
MACN 10567, broken M?2 (lectotype), three premolars
1 specimen
MACN 10548, dentary m1-2 (lectotype), edentulous dentary, m2, astragalus, calcaneum
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10606, maxilla P1-M2
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10609, dentary with parts of m2-3
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10625, left M3, type
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN A55-1, upper and lower jaw fragments apparently of the same individual (type)
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10604, dentary p4-m3 (lectotype)
Simpson 1967
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10619, broken left m3
1 specimen
MACN 10583, maxilla M1-2 (lectotype), left dentary m2-3
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10623, m2-3
1 specimen
MACN 10593, dentary p2-m2
Simpson 1967 2 specimens
AMNH 28696, mandible with right i2-m3 and left p3-m2; AMNH 29389, dentary p3-m3
Simpson 1967 1 specimen
MACN 10753, partial skull with right C, P2-M3; left I1-3, C, P2-M3 (neotype)
    = Coelostylodon caroloameghinoi n. sp. Simpson 1970
Simpson 1970
Simpson (1948) designated this specimen as the neotype of _Acoelodus oppositus_, but this was erroneous as the original type still exists. Simpson (1970) instead referred it to the new species _Coelostylodon caroloameghinoi_.
Simpson 1970 1 specimen
MMP 723M, skull
Simpson 1967 3 specimens
MACN 10542, M1-3; AMNH 28692, lower jaws; AMNH 28764, dentary p4
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Oldfieldthomasiidae
Cifelli 1985
Ameghino 1901 5 specimens
MACN 10763, right P4-M2 (type) and three isolated upper cheek teeth; MHN Tournouër 21, partial skull
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10756, maxilla fragment with dP3-4 and M1
Simpson 1967
Types of synonyms; and: MACN 10765, partial skull; MACN 10761, P4-M3; MACN 10749, four dentary fragments; MACN 10750, three dentary fragments; AMNH 28680, associated dentitions; AMNH 28780, maxila I2-P3 and endocranial cast; AMNH 28632, partial skull; AMNH 28691, partial skull; AMNH 28896, partial skull; AMNH 28730, mandible left p1-m2, right i1-c1; AMNH 28963, mandible left p3-m3, right p2-m2
Ameghino 1904 3 specimens
MACN 10764, right dM4 (type or lectotype), left M2-3, broken M1
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10757, maxilla P4-M3
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10754, isolated upper teeth, probably dP4 and M1 (type)
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10772, skull
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10762, maxilla P1-M3
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10748, left maxilla with P1-M3
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10839, isolated upper molar
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10482, maxilla M2
Ameghino 1901 8 specimens
MACN 10818, maxilla P1-M2 (type); AMNH 28706, palate P1-M3; AMNH 28583, palate with left dI2-dP4 and M1, right dP1-4, M1, part of M2; MHN Tournouër No. 23, maxilla P2-M3
Mammalia - Notoungulata
Ameghino 1901 10 specimens
MACN 10841, seven isolated upper teeth (including lectotype M2), fragmentary maxilla, two fragmentary dentaries
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10826, dentary p2-m3
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10859, maxillary P2-M2
2 individuals
Syntypes: MACN 10822, associated jaw, limb bone, and vertebra fragments; and MACN 10843, jaw fragments and isolated teeth.
Ameghino 1902 2 specimens
MACN 10834, maxilla P3-M3 (lectotype), maxilla P4-M2
Simpson 1967
Referred specimens in Ameghino Collection.
Ameghino 1901 10 specimens
MACN-A 10833a, maxilla M1-3 (lectotype). AMNH 28791, P2-P4; AMNH 28861, dentary p2-m3; AMNH 28953, maxilla P3-M3; FMNH P14895, dentary m3; MACN-A 10824, P2; MACN-A 10833b, M2; MACN-A 10833c, M3; MACN-A 10845, P4; MPEF-PV 1284, dentary p3-m1 (from "Puesto Almendra")
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Archaeopithecidae
1 specimen
MACN 10816, maxilla P1-M2
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10851, partial M1 and complete M2
3 specimens
MACN 10824, dentary p3-4 (lectotype); unassociated dentary with p4-m1; P?2
Mammalia - Astrapotheria - Trigonostylopidae
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 12010, broken symphysis
Simpson 1967 1 specimen
AMNH 28639, P4-M1
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 12007, partial upper molar
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 12004, upper molar
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 12008, partial upper cheek tooth
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 12005, upper cheek tooth fragments
Ameghino 1902 2 specimens
MACN 16033, upper canine; MACN 12012, incisor. Type apparently an upper molar, not relocated by Simpson (1967).
3 specimens
MACN 10651, M?2, lectotype, P?4, m3 talonid (type series). Other specimens including AMNH 28700, skull
Ameghino 1901 2 specimens
MACN 10659, m2, lectotype, and another m2
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10639, upper molar
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10641, upper molar
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10660, M?3
Ameghino 1904 2 specimens
MACN 10638, two upper molars including the lectotype
Simpson 1967 1 specimen
MACn 10629, p2-4
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10654, M?2
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10656, broken upper molar
Ameghino 1901 3 specimens
MACN 10645, upper molar (lectotype), upper molar, upper premolar
Ameghino 1901 3 specimens
MACN 10650, upper molar (lectotype), two m3s, m3 talonid, m?2, m?1, C1
Mammalia - Panameriungulata - Proterotheriidae
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10703, left upper cheek tooth (type)
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10706, partial right upper cheek tooth (lectotype); two fragments of upper teeth and two of lower molars.
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10701, right upper cheek tooth
Cifelli 1985
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10682, upper molar
Mammalia - Panameriungulata - Macraucheniidae
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 12013, upper molar
Mammalia - Panameriungulata - Didolodontidae
Ameghino 1901 3 specimens
MACN 10664, right m3, type of Paulogervaisia inusta; MACN 10719, right jaw fragment with p3-m2 and maxillary fragment with M2-3 and isolated right M2, type of Lambdaconus mamma; MPEF 7621, isolated right m2.
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10721, maxilla fragment with broken M2 and complete M3
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10719: fragmentary mandible p3-m2; maxilla with broken M2-3; broken M2; other fragments. Simpson (1948:107) selected the maxilla as the lectotype and doubted the referral of the other fragments.
Simpson 1948 1 specimen
AMNH 28477, left m3
Simpson 1948 6 specimens
MACN 10720, mandible with m3 and possibly associated isolated M1 and C; MACN 10738, right P1 and left P2; MACN 10729, left M2; AMNH 28475, mandible p4, m2-3; AMNH 2878, M3; AMNH 28774, p4. Additional specimens are types of synonyms.
Ameghino 1901 1 specimen
MACN 10730, left M1
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10736, right and left m2, left p3-4
Gelfo 2010
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10673, M3
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10679, maxilla with P4-M3
Mammalia - Rosendolopidae
Goin and Candela 1996 1 specimen
MLP 77-VI-14-3, ?M2, holotype
Mammalia - Polydolopidae
Chornogubsky 2020 2 specimens
MLP 77-VI-14–5, a right maxillary fragment with P2-M2 (Fig. 10A); AMNH 28437, an isolated left M3
Ameghino 1902 2 specimens
MACN 10357, an isolated left M2 (holotype). AMNH 28438
Ameghino 1902 7 specimens
MACN 10332a, an isolated left P3 (holotype). MACN 10332b-g
4 specimens
MACN 10358, an isolated right M1 missing posterolabial corner (holotype). AMNH 28437, MACN 10340b, MLP 77-VI-14-5
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10340a, anterior part of an edentulous right mandibular ramus with alveoli of two small incisors and C, part of diastema and alveoli of P8, and anterior alveolus of M1
Propolymastodon cardatus n. sp. Ameghino 1903
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 10333, part of a left mandibular ramus with M1-2
Propolymastodon caroliameghinoi n. gen., n. sp. Ameghino 1903
Marshall 1982 1 specimen
MACN 10334, greater part of a left mandibular ramus with P3-M3 complete and an isolated right C
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10353
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10349
13 specimens
MACN 10338 (lectotype). AC 3171, AMNH 28434, 28440, 28449, FMNH P14717, MACN 10332 (c, e-g), 18469, 18472, MLP 77-VI-13-9, 77-VI-14-7, 77-VI-14-8, MNHN No. 3. From Simpson (1948:59): AMNH 28434 is the holotype of _Polydolops thomasi paahi_. Referred specimens of _P. t. paahi_: CNHM P14717, AMNH 28443, AMNH 28934
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10335
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10342
Simpson 1948 2 specimens
MACN 10361, mandible m2-3; MACN 10363, mandible m4 and partial m3
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10359
Mammalia
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10344
Mammalia - Derorhynchidae
Coona gaudryi n. sp. Simpson 1964
Simpson 1967 2 specimens
MNHN, Tournouër Collection No. 1, two lower jaw fragments, one with right m1-3 one with left p4 and m2
Mammalia
Simpson 1948 3 specimens
MACN 10348, mandible with p2-3 m1-4, neotype of Simpson (1948), withdrawn by Simpson (1967) after the original holotype was relocated. AMNH 28441a and b, isolated upper molars.
Mammalia - Paucituberculata - Caenolestidae
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN A55-14, left dentary fragment with premolar. Simpson (1948) could not relocate it in the Ameghino Collection, but Simpson (1967) recorded that it was found again.
Mammalia - Sparassodonta
Cifelli 1985
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10329, isolated M3
Ameghino 1904 1 specimen
MACN 10317, symphysis with right c-m1
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10324, a complete lower molar, a broken one, and a fragment (syntypes)
Simpson 1970 1 specimen
MMP 967M, dentary m2-4 and isolated teeth. "Surface find high in the beds", perhaps post-Casamayoran.
Ameghino 1902 1 specimen
MACN 10325, premolar, holotype
Simpson 1935 1 individual
Reptilia - Crocodylomorpha
Ameghino 1906 1 specimen
MACN 10871, tooth
Simpson 1932
Reptilia - Madtsoiidae
Albino 1993 7 specimens
MACN-A 10879a, MACN-A 10879b, MACN-A 10888, three fragments of trunk vertebrae's centra; MACN-A 10892a, centrum fragment with right prezyg. of a trunk vertebra; MACN-A 10892b, centrum fragment with left prezyg. of a trunk vertebra; MACN-A 10873a and 10873b, fragments of a trunk vertebrae.
Reptilia - Boidae
Albino 1993 1 specimen
MACN-A 10875, partial trunk vertebra
see common names

Geography
Country:Argentina State/province:Chubut
Coordinates: 45.7° South, 68.7° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:46.4° South, 60.9° West (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:estimated from map
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period: Paleogene Epoch: Eocene
Stage: Bartonian 10 m.y. bin: Cenozoic 3
*Period:Tertiary *Epoch:Early/Lower Eocene
*Local age/stage:Casamayoran
Key time interval: Bartonian Mammal zone:  Barrancan
Age range of interval: 41.03 - 37.71 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Sarmiento
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: Lowest fossil horizon, Casamayor Formation - now referred to as Sarmiento Formation
Initially referred to the Casamayoran SALMA, which was later subdivided. Now considered type sequence for Barrancan SALMA (see Woodburne et al. 2014)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: claystone
Lithology description: Bentonite and tuffs
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Disassociated minor elements:some
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:field collection,survey of museum collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:AMNH,FMNH
Collectors:C. Ameghino, C. S. Williams, H. Herrera, W. Stein, Scarritt Expedition, G. F. Sternberg, L. G. Marshall, O. Gutierrez
Metadata
Database number:13779
Authorizer:J. Alroy, E. Vlachos, P. Mannion, P. Barrett, R. Butler, M. Carrano, J. Zijlstra Enterer:J. Wertheim, M. Carrano, F. Aspromonte, J. Zijlstra, G. Varnham, M. Kouvari, T. Cleary, R. Butler
Modifier:F. Aspromonte Research group:vertebrate
Collections that are a subset of this one:176176, 176177, 176178, 176179, 176180, 176181, 176182, 176183, 176184, 176185, 176186, 176187, 176188, 176190, 176191, 176192, 176193, 176194
Created:2002-04-25 14:56:36 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2002-04-25 14:56:36
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
36444. F. Ameghino. 1897. Mammiféres crétacés de l’Argentine (Deuxième contribution à la connaissance de la fauna mammalogique de couches à Pyrotherium) [Cretaceous mammals of Argentina (second contribution to the knowledge of the mammalian fauna of the Pyrotherium Beds)]. Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino 18(4–9):406-521 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

59238 A. M. Albino. 1993. Snakes from the Paleocene and Eocene of Patagonia (Argentina): paleoecology and coevolution with mammals. Historical Biology 7:51-69 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
54301 F. Ameghino. 1901. Notices préliminaires sur des ongulés nouveaux des terrains crétacés de Patagonie [Preliminary notes on new ungulates from the Cretaceous terrains of Patagonia]. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba 16:349-429 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
54480 F. Ameghino. 1902. Notices préliminaires sur des mammifères nouveaux des terrains Crétacé de Patagonie {preliminary notes on new mammals from the Cretaceous terrains of Patagonia]. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba 17:5-70 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
54855 F. Ameghino. 1904. Nuevas especies de mamíferos, cretáceos y terciarios de la República Argentina [New species of mammals, Cretaceous and Tertiarty, from the Argentine Republic]. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 56–58:1-142 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
64160 F. Ameghino. 1906. Les formations sédimentaires du Crétacé supérieur et du Tertiare de Patagonie, avec un parallèle entre leurs faunes mammalogiques et celles de l’ancien continent [The sedimentary formations of the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary of Patagonia, with a parallel between their mammalian faunas and those of the Old World]. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3e 7:1-508 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
10757ETE C. Biswas. 1966. On a fossiliferous horizon from the basal Barakars of the Churulia Area, Raniganj Coalfield. Quarterly Journal of Geology, Mining and Metallurgical Society 38:106-109 [A. Srivastava/A. Srivastava/M. Uhen]
86230 S. Bogan, L. Taverne, and F. L. Agnolín. 2010. First fossil record of an amiid fish (Halecomorphi, Amiidae) from the Latest Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, and comments on the status of Pappichthys patagonica Ameghino, 1906 (Teleostei, Osteoglossidae). Bulletin de l'Institut royal del Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 80:163-170 [E. Vlachos/F. Aspromonte]
73071 A. A. Carlini, M. Cancio, and G. J. Scillato-Yané. 2005. Los Xenarthra de Gran Barranca: Más de 20 Ma de historia. Actas del XVI Congreso Geológico Argentino. La Plata 2005 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham]
57869 A. A. Carlini, M. R. Ciancio, and G. J. Scillato-Yane. 2010. Middle Eocene-Early Miocene Dasypodidae (Xenarthra) of southern South America: biostratigraphy and palaeoecology. In R. H. Madden, A. A. Carlini, M. G. Vucetich, R. F. Kay (eds.), The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia 106-129 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/P. Mannion]
74919 L. Chornogubsky. 2020. Interrelationships of Polydolopidae (Mammalia: Marsupialia) from South America and Antarctica. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 1-42 [P. Mannion/M. Kouvari]
57836 R. Cifelli. 1985. Biostratigraphy of the Casamayoran, Early Eocene of Patagonia. American Museum Novitates 2820:1-26 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
57895 J. N. Gelfo. 2010. The "condylarth" Didolodontidae from Gran Barranca: history of the bunodont South American mammals until the Eocene-Oligocene transition. In R. H. Madden, A. A. Carlini, M. G. Vucetich, R. F. Kay (eds.), The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia 130-142 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
58285 F. J. Goin and A. M. Candela. 1996. A new Early Eocene polydolopimorphian (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(2):292-296 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
57557 L. G. Marshall. 1982. Systematics of the extinct South American marsupial family Polydolopidae. Fieldiana Geology 12:1-109 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
3012 J. J. Saunders. 1996. North America Mammutidae. In J. Shoshani and P. Tassy (eds.), The Proboscidea : evolution and palaeoecology of elephants and their relatives 271-279 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
42601 G. G. Simpson. 1932. The supposed association of dinosaurs with mammals of Tertiary type in Patagonia. American Museum Novitates 566:1-21 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
61475% 49100G. G. Simpson. 1935. Descriptions of the oldest known South American mammals, from the Rio Chico Formation. American Museum Novitates 793:1-25 [J. Alroy/J. Wertheim/J. Wertheim]
10369 G. G. Simpson. 1948. The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part I. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 91:1-232 [D. Croft/D. Croft/R. Butler]
57943 G. G. Simpson. 1967. The Ameghinos' localities for early Cenozoic mammals in Patagonia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 136:63-76 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
10312 G. G. Simpson. 1967. The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part II. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 137:1-260 [D. Croft/D. Croft/K. Pino]
57986 G. G. Simpson. 1970. Mammals from the early Cenozoic of Chubut, Argentina. Breviora 360:1-13 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
58097 B. Vera. 2012. Revisión del género Transpithecus Ameghino, 1901 (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) del Eoceno medio de Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 49(1):60-74 [J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra/J. Zijlstra]
57561 M. O. Woodburne, F. J. Goin, M. Bond, A. A. Carlini, J. N. Gelfo, G. M. López, A. Iglesias and A. N. Zimicz. 2014. Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America; a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21:1-73 [R. Butler/R. Butler]