12.8 - 11.1 Ma

The definition of this interval in the timescale European Faunal Zones is taken from the following source:

• F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

The bottom age has been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

There are intervals in 9 timescales which overlap this one. show

• International Chronostratigraphic Timescale: Miocene epoch, Serravallian age, Tortonian age
• Cenozoic Subepochs: Late Miocene subepoch, Middle Miocene subepoch
• European Faunal Units: Vallesian subage, Astaracian subage
• Central Paratethys Stages: Sarmatian age, Pannonian age
• Neogene Mammal Ages of China: Tunggurian age
• North American Land Mammal Ages: Barstovian age, Clarendonian age
• North American Mammal Subages/Zones: Early Barstovian subage, late Late Barstovian subage, early Late Barstovian subage, Late Clarendonian subage, Early Clarendonian subage
• South American Land Mammal Ages: Laventan age
• Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand: Southland epoch, Waiauan age

This interval is used in the definition of 68 collections

A total of 1078 collections with 12008 occurrences lie within this time span