International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4 | |||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Senecan/Rexroadian | Yushean | 2.58 | ||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||
| Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
| Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||
| Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
| late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||
| Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||||
| late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean/Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| 23.03 * | |||||||||||
| 23.1 | |||||||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||||||