International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Senecan/Rexroadian | Yushean | 2.58 | ||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||
| Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||
| Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
| Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||
| Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||
| late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||
| Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||
| late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean/Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||
| 23.03 * | |||||||||
| 23.1 | |||||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||||