PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126586 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
						1.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Senecan/Rexroadian	Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean		Senecan/Rexroadian		3.6
				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian		4.7
					Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian			7.246
				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian		9.4
					Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian	Sarmatian			11.63
			Sarmatian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian		12.5
			Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian			Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian				15.98
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian		16.3
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan	16.9
				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean/Harrisonian		18.5
		Aquitanian				20.44
						23.03 *
						23.1
						29.5