International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Central Paratethys Stages | European Faunal Units | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | Yushean | 2.58 | |||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Baodean | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||
| Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||
| Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Sarmatian | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||
| Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||||||
| Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||||||
| Agenian | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| 23.03 | ||||||||||