International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126654 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | European Faunal Units | Central Paratethys Stages | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4 | |||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Senecan/Rexroadian | Villanyian | Tertiary † | Yushean | 2.58 | ||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||
| Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||||
| Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||
| Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||
| Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||||
| Serravallian | Astaracian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | ||||||||
| late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||
| Badenian | 12.8 * | ||||||||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||
| Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||
| Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||||
| late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean/Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||||
| Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| 23.03 * | |||||||||||
| 23.1 | |||||||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||||