International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126142 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | North American Land Mammal Ages | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4 | ||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Tertiary † | Blancan | Yushean | 2.58 |
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||
| Baodean | 4.9 | |||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||
| Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||
| Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||
| 23.03 | ||||||
| 29.5 | ||||||
| 66 | ||||||