PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126650 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	Late Pleistocene		0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean	Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian	Middle Pleistocene		0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian	Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene		3.6
			Hemphillian			4.7
					Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
			Clarendonian			9.4
					Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian			Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene		15.98
			Hemingfordian			16.3
			Hemingfordian		Xiejiaan	16.9
			Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene		23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene		27.82
			Whitneyan			29.5
			Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	Late Eocene		33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean	Late Eocene		37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean	Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian	Early Eocene		47.8
			Wasatchian			50.5
			Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	Late Paleocene		56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian	Late Paleocene		56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian	Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian	Middle Paleocene		60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian	Early Paleocene		61.6
		Danian	Puercan	Early Paleocene		63.8
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