International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126528 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | North American Land Mammal Ages | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.4 | |||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | Blancan | Yushean | 2.58 | |
MN 15 | 3.2 | ||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | ||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||
MN 13 | Baodean | 4.9 | |||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | ||||||
MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | ||||||
MN 7 + 8 | Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||
MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | |||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||
MN 3 | Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||
MN 2 | 20 | ||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | ||||||
23.03 | |||||||
29.5 |