International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 126576 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.4 | ||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Blancan | Yushean | 2.58 | |||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | |||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||
23.03 | ||||||||
29.5 |