PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian												298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
					Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
					Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
					Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian			Keila			Idavere †	453
					Haljala				453.9
					Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Kukruse						456.4 *
					Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
							Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
					Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
					Aseri						460.4 *
					Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
				Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
					Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †					467.3
						Arenigian						468
					Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
								Latorp †				470.1 *
					Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
					Varangu							481.3 *
					Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			Late Cambrian					485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian					497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian					Branchian	509
		Stage 3											Branchian	514
		Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8