PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126096 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				South American Land Mammal Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian					Lujanian						0.129
		Chibanian					Ensenadan						0.3 *
		Calabrian					Ensenadan						0.774
		Calabrian					Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian					Sanandresian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Vorohuean						2.58
		Piacenzian					Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
		Zanclean					Chapadmalalan						3.6
							Montehermosan						3.7 *
							Huayquerian						4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
							Chasicoan						7.9 *
							Mayoan						9.9 *
							Laventan						10.9 *
		Serravallian					Laventan						11.63
		Serravallian					Colloncuran						13.7 *
		Langhian					Colloncuran						13.82
		Langhian					Friasian						15.4 *
		Burdigalian					Friasian						15.98
							Santacrucian						16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
		Aquitanian					Colhuehuapian						20.44
		Aquitanian					Deseadan						20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian					Tinguirirican						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian					Tinguirirican						33.9
		Priabonian					Divisaderan						35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian					Mustersan						41.9 *
		Ypresian					Mustersan						47.8
		Ypresian					Casamayoran						47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Riochican						56
							Itaboraian						56.9 *
							Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian					Tiupampan						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian		66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic		100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
						Streffordian	Berounian			449.7 *
						Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
			Longvillian †						455.2 *
									Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
						Aurelucian						456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
								Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †				467.3
							Arenigian					468
			Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian		Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian							480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8