PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
				Vormsi	Kralodvorian			449.6 *
				Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
				Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
				Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian		Keila			Idavere †	453
				Haljala				453.9
				Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Kukruse						456.4 *
				Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
						Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
				Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
				Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
			Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
				Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
				Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
					Arenigian						468
				Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
							Latorp †				470.1 *
				Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort			Late Cambrian					485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian					497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian					Branchian	509
		Stage 3										Branchian	514
		Stage 3										Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8