PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126152 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian											Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian											Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian											Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian											Waipipian				3
		Zanclean											Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean											Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian											Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian										Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian											Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian											Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian				13.82
													Clifdenian				15.1
												Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian											Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian											Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian											Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian				23.03
													Duntroonian				25.2
													Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
												Arnold	Runangan				34.6
													Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian											Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian											Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian											Bortonian				41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
													Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian											Heretaungan				47.8
													Mangaorapan				48.9
													Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian				56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian											Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian											Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
													Mangaotanean				90.5
													Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian											Arowhanan				93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
													Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan				100.5
													Urutawan				103.3
												Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian											Korangan				113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Leine	264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
							Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian				450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian				453
							Turinian				453.7 *
			Zahorany †/Vinice				Turinian				Letna †	456.2 *
			Zahorany †/Vinice			Whiterockian				Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
			Liben †										458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
			Sarka †										461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †										467.3
								Arenigian					468
							Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
							Stairsian							480.3 *
							Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10											Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian											Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian											Paibian		494
		Paibian											Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian											Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian										Branchian	509
		Stage 3		Nangaoian										Branchian	514
		Stage 3		Nangaoian										Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian											521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian											529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian											530.7
																	538.8