PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Britain		South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Lujanian			0.0117
		Chibanian									Lujanian			0.129
		Chibanian									Ensenadan			0.3 *
		Calabrian									Ensenadan			0.774
		Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Vorohuean			2.58
		Piacenzian									Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
		Zanclean									Chapadmalalan			3.6
											Montehermosan			3.7 *
											Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
											Chasicoan			7.9 *
											Mayoan			9.9 *
											Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian									Laventan			11.63
		Serravallian									Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian									Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian									Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian									Friasian			15.98
											Santacrucian			16.2 *
											Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
		Aquitanian									Colhuehuapian			20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
		Rupelian									Tinguirirican			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian									Tinguirirican			33.9
		Priabonian									Divisaderan			35.9 *
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Lutetian									Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian									Mustersan			47.8
		Ypresian									Casamayoran			47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Riochican			56
											Itaboraian			56.9 *
											Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
		Danian									Tiupampan			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
				Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
				Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian				450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian				453
				Turinian				453.7 *
				Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
					Dobrotivian						458.5 *
					Oretanian						459.7 *
						Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
					Arenigian						468
				Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
				Stairsian								480.3 *
				Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
												Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	487.5
												Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									St Davids		497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8