PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene					0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	Late Pliocene					2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian	Late Pliocene					3
		Zanclean			Waipipian	Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian	Early Pliocene					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene					5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan	Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian						13.82
					Clifdenian						15.1
				Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian	Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian	Late Oligocene					23.03
					Duntroonian						25.2
					Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene					33.9
				Arnold	Runangan						34.6
					Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan	Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian						41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
					Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan	Early Eocene					47.8
					Mangaorapan						48.9
					Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian	Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian			Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
					Mangaotanean						90.5
					Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan						93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
					Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan						100.5
					Urutawan						103.3
				Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian			Korangan						113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †		467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian	468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian					485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian		489.5
		Paibian	Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan		497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian		499
		Drumian	Undillan		500.5
		Drumian	Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian		509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
											538.8