PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126103 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian							3
		Zanclean				Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian							13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian							23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan							47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian							56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian				Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
						Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan							93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
						Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan							100.5
						Urutawan							103.3
					Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian				Korangan							113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †		467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian	468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian				Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10	Sunwaptan									487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
			Steptoean									493 *
		Paibian	Steptoean									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian			Albertian †	Middle Cambrian				Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Topazan								Tuesaian	504.5
			Topazan									505.3
			Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †	Early Cambrian					509
											Toyonian	510 *
			Dyeran								Toyonian	511 *
											Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
			Montezuman									514.8 *
			Montezuman								Atdabanian	515.6 *
			Begadean								Atdabanian	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian	521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian										529
													538.8