PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126102 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene		Cenozoic 4	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene		Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 3	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Cenozoic 2		Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Cenozoic 1	Gashatan						56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3							174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2							184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1							192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4							208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2							273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		Kosovian			443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
		Katian				Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
					Zahorany †/Vinice					Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
					Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
												538.8