PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126102 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Australia	Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran					Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan					Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Cenozoic 4			23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Cenozoic 3			33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian					Cenozoic 2			41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan			Bumbanian					47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Gashatan			Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian					Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian		Haumurian					Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan					Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan					Cretaceous 5			93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan					Cretaceous 4			100.5
				Urutawan								103.3
			Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian		Korangan					Cretaceous 3			113
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8				Cretaceous 1
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian			Permian 4	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian				264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian			Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian			Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian				290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian			Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian						Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian						Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean						Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian						Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7	Devonian 3
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4			453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3		458.4
						Dobrotivian	458.5 *
						Oretanian	459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2			Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian							489.5
		Paibian	Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Cambrian 4						497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian							499
		Drumian	Undillan							500.5
		Drumian	Floran							503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	Cambrian 3						504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian							507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian							509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1						529
												538.8